Vaccines

Vaccine hesitancy emerged as a major challenge during the COVID-19 pandemic and has persisted beyond it, raising concerns about public readiness for vaccination in future pandemics. While extensive research has examined vaccine hesitancy for COVID-19 and routine immunization, it is unknown how the general population would respond to vaccination in a future pandemic, and what conditions might facilitate acceptance. Here, we analyzed data from a nationwide internet-based survey conducted in Japan ...

ObjectivesTo investigate the factors associated with the deterioration of post-COVID-19 condition (PCC) symptoms in patients who received a dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine [≥] 90 days after their infection. MethodMulticenter cohort study conducted in 33 emergency departments across Canada, including 476 patients who developed PCC according to the World Health Organization definition. Data were collected via telephone questionnaires. Statistical analyses, including logistic regression models, were...

BackgroundVaccine hesitancy is a growing issue that the WHO ranks as one of the top 10 threats to global health. Public confidence in vaccines and rates of routine childhood vaccination have been declining around the world since the pandemic, when many countries saw the instatement of COVID-19 vaccine mandates. ObjectivesWe leveraged the COVID-19 add-on study, conducted by the CHILD Cohort Study (Canadas most phenotypically diverse, large prospective longitudinal birth cohort), to determine cha...

BackgroundThe LP.8.1-containing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines were recommended for the 2025 seasonal vaccination campaigns in Europe and the United States. Safety data on these vaccines are limited. MethodsWe conducted a nationwide register-based cohort study in Denmark including all adults aged 65 years and older or at high risk of severe COVID-19 who had received previous COVID-19 vaccine doses. The study period was July 1, 2025, to December 3, 2025. We estimated incidence rate ratios using Poisson ...

Pregnant individuals have a greater susceptibility to severe disease from the coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19). Pregnant people also tend to be vaccine-hesitant, which is even more pronounced in certain racial and ethnic minority groups. The study objective was to determine whether social media ads promoting COVID-19 vaccination could influence vaccination likelihood among pregnant and recently pregnant participants who self-identified as Black or African American. Participants were interview...

Monitoring the change of cell populations within patients after hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is crucial for determining the success of treatment. With current studies largely focused on determining mixed chimerism of nucleated cells, mixed chimerism for non-nucleated red blood cell (RBC) populations was rarely studied. In this study, based on the differences between donor and recipient ABO blood group surface markers and using commercially available mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs...

ObjectiveThe main objective was to estimate the potential public health impact and cost-effectiveness of an annual dose of mRNA-1273 (2025/2026 formula) in the United States (US) for the 2025-2026 season compared with no vaccination in the mRNA-1273 licensed population (6 months-64 years with underlying medical conditions and all [≥]65 years). mRNA-1273 was also compared to BNT162b2 in high-risk adults ages 18-64 years and all [≥]65 years. MethodsAnalyses were conducted using a previously...

BackgroundAnti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF), particularly infliximab, have transformed inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management, but their high cost imposes a significant economic burden. Infliximab biosimilars were introduced to reduce the unmet needs. Despite the approval of infliximab biosimilars, real-world evidence of cardiovascular safety and effectiveness of infliximab biosimilars is lacking among patients with IBD. In this trial emulation, we compared the effectiveness and cardiov...

BackgroundPatients with chronic immune-mediated disorders (IMIDs), including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease. While advanced therapies show cardioprotective effects in other IMIDs, their impact on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in IBD remains unclear. We conducted a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies evaluating MACE risk with advanced therapies in IBD. MethodsSystematic search of PubMed, Em...

ObjectivePregnant women are at higher risk of severe COVID-19, and vaccination significantly reduces the risk of severe infection. Despite its benefits, only 13% of pregnant women in the U.S. had received the updated 2024-25 vaccine by December 2024, with uptake varying across sociodemographic groups. This study examines perceptions on COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy among U.S. adults enrolled in the Chasing Covid Cohort, analyzing responses across 16 surveys between March 2020 and Decembe...

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) remains a major complication after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially given haploidentical HSCT is now Chinas primary method, yet this context lacks reliable predictors. aGVHD initiation, involving donor T cell activation by recipient conventional dendritic cells (cDCs), depends on donor-recipient HLA disparity and its expression. We therefore developed the donor and recipient-specific HLA evolutionary divergence (DRs_HED) algorithm...

ObjectiveAlthough COVID-19 vaccination is important for People Living with HIV given their elevated infection and comorbidity risks, some PLHIV are hesitant to accept vaccination. Hence, we conducted a cross-sectional study in British Columbia, Canada, aimed to identify socio-economic and health-related factors predicting COVID-19 vaccine uptake and contributing to hesitancy among PLHIV. MethodsA 34-item anonymous self-administered survey was disseminated to PLHIV accessing services through HIV...

COVID-19 remains a substantial public health challenge in the Netherlands. Next-generation COVID-19 vaccine, mRNA-1283, is approved in the European Union, with potential for higher relative vaccine efficacy compared with originally-licensed COVID-19 vaccines. Its potential public health and economic impact, in adults [≥]60 years and high-risk 18-59 years, was modelled versus no vaccination and originally-licensed mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2, adapting a published static Markov model with 1-year tim...

BackgroundVaccine-preventable diseases pose significant health risks to older adults. Despite widespread vaccine availability, hesitancy related to uncertainty, misinformation, and access challenges continues to affect vaccination uptake, presenting an ongoing public health concern. ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess perceptions related to vaccination, develop age-appropriate educational strategies through community engagement, and evaluate changes in vaccine-related attitudes following an edu...

Pneumonia remains a leading cause of global child mortality. Following the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV) introduction in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, uptake for the primary series (PCV1 and PCV2) exceeded 90%. However, PCV3 coverage remained suboptimal (60% in 2023; 75% in 2024), indicating significant dropout. This study aimed to identify determinants of PCV immunization completeness and timeliness to address this gap. We conducted a cross-sectional study using cluster sampling among 405 care...

BackgroundCOVID-19 vaccine hesitancy remains a public health issue despite the fact that vaccines are readily available and recommended for all persons aged [≥]5 years in the United States. We aimed to describe parents plan to vaccinate their children in two different populations: families in a prospective, longitudinal cohort study and families experiencing homelessness enrolled in cross-sectional surveillance for acute respiratory infections. MethodsParticipants were parents/guardians of c...

IntroductionObesity and related cardiometabolic comorbidities, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), are increasingly prevalent among individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). These conditions influence disease activity, therapeutic response, surgical outcomes, and overall quality of life, yet evidence remains fragmented. The Modulate Obesity and relateD metabo...

BackgroundInitial reports from the Netherlands indicate a decline in routine childhood vaccination uptake during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, with emerging evidence of reduced parental vaccine confidence. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on routine childhood vaccination uptake. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective nationwide cohort study including all children born in the Netherlands in 2016-2024. First-dose DTaP-IPV vaccination status by age six mon...

Background and objectiveVietnam had increasing rates of zero-dose children and sub-optimal COVID-19 vaccine booster coverage in 2022. With the Vietnamese Ministry of Health, we co-designed, implemented and evaluated a vaccine education and communication program for health workers and community leaders to improve trust, knowledge, communication skills and intention to vaccinate for routine childhood and COVID-19 vaccines. MethodThe Train-the-Trainer Vaccine Champions program was piloted in 2022 ...

Cervical cancer is a significant global health issue, ranking as the fourth highest cause of cancer-related deaths among women globally. HPV vaccination for girls aged 9-14 offers a powerful tool for cervical cancer prevention, yet global coverage remains low, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. While research has documented parental and stakeholder perspectives, few studies center on girls own experiences and how gender norms shape their access and decision-making. This study appl...