JAMA

ObjectiveTo examine racial and ethnic inequities in wealth and health among New York City adults. MethodsWe conducted the 2024 NYC Racial Wealth and Health Gap Survey using a stratified quota sample of 2,866 adults across 11 racial and ethnic groups. Wealth was measured through self-reported assets and debts, and health through self-reported status and psychological distress. We calculated descriptive statistics across groups and used quantile regression to test for significant differences in a...

Frequent blood testing is a routine but burdensome reality for many children, particularly those with chronic, rare, or medically complex conditions. Repeated clinic, hospital, and laboratory visits can disrupt family life, increase stress for children and caregivers, and limit access to timely monitoring and research participation. Despite advances in pediatric care, blood collection has remained largely tethered to in-person clinical settings. This study validates a new model: safe, effective,...

PuhrposeTo evaluate the short- and long-term cross-sectional associations between COVID-19 infection and multidimensional sleep health. MethodsData from the COVID-19 Outbreak Public Evaluation (COPE) initiative were used to examine the association between a novel multidimensional sleep health measure (COPE Multidimensional Sleep Health Scale, CMSHS) modeled from the RuSATED instrument and (1) COVID-19 infection and (2) post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC). ResultsData from 11,326...

BackgroundThe 340B Drug Pricing Program was established to expand access to care for low-income and uninsured patients by allowing safety-net hospitals and clinics to purchase outpatient drugs at discounted prices. Over time, the program has expanded substantially, raising questions about whether participating hospitals are meeting the programs intended objectives. MethodsUsing 2023 hospital financial data from the RAND Corporation, we conducted cross-sectional descriptive comparisons of 340B a...

BackgroundDelivering timely, high-quality feedback on resident scholarly projects is labour-intensive, especially in large programmes. We developed an AI-assisted evaluation system, powered by the open-weight LLaMA-3.1 large-language model (LLM), to generate formative feedback on Family Medicine residents scholarly projects and compared its performance with expert human evaluators. MethodsWe evaluated whether the AI-generated feedback achieves comparable quality to expert feedback. The tool ing...

BackgroundHypertension is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet blood pressure (BP) control remain suboptimal, particularly in socially disadvantaged communities. Guidelines recommend initiating single-pill combination (SPC) therapy to improve adherence and BP control, but uptake in primary care is limited. ObjectivesTo evaluate the SOLO care improvement project, promoting SPC initiation among general practitioners (GPs) in Amsterdam Zuidoost, a disadvantaged, multi-eth...

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation is the only curative option for many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In the current study, we designed and implemented a personalized assay, called v96, incorporating up to 96 mutations in 30 AML patients undergoing transplantation. The assay was performed on DNA derived in cells from the bone marrow as well as in cell-free plasma. All 30 (100%) of patients harbored molecular evidence of residual leukemia during remission that was detecta...

BackgroundMulti-system impacts of long COVID remain unknown. We compared multi-system deficits between people with long COVID and controls. MethodsA case-control study recruited from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children and TwinsUK population cohorts. Cases (141) had long COVID (evidence of COVID-19 infection and persistent symptoms [&ge;]4 weeks post infection); controls (280) included people making a full recovery in <4 weeks, people self-reporting long COVID like symptoms but ...

BackgroundArtificial intelligence chatbots (AICs) are increasingly being integrated into scholarly publishing, with the potential to automate routine editorial tasks and streamline workflows. In traditional, complementary, and integrative medicine (TCIM) publishing, editorial and peer review processes can be particularly complex due to diverse methodologies and culturally embedded knowledge systems, presenting unique opportunities and challenges for AIC adoption. MethodsAn anonymous, online cro...

COVID-19 has been shown to cause a range of harmful long-term effects on nearly every organ system1-3. These findings are based on retrospective studies comparing COVID-19 patients to patients with similar medical histories and demographics but no COVID-19 diagnosis4-16. However, concerns have emerged that these comparisons may be biased if COVID-19 patients had unrelated health conditions or other factors not recorded in their medical records17-21. Here, using a massive dataset of 14.4 billion ...

ObjectiveTo characterize associations between tattooing and health status. MethodsWe used data from [~]27,000 respondents to the 2020-2022 Utah Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Multivariable Poisson regression was used to calculate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) associating ever receiving a tattoo with physical/mental health status. ResultsIn this cross-sectional study, ever receiving a tattoo was associated with self-reported "poorer" vs. "excellen...

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) hinges on a delicate trade-off between graft-versus-tumor control and graft-versus-host disease (GvHD), mediated by donor T-cell recognition of antigens presented by recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. We hypothesized that, beyond allele-level matching, sequence divergence at peptide-binding grooves across donor and recipient HLA loci shapes these responses. To this end, we evaluated the effect of HLA evolutionary divergence...

BackgroundLong COVID affects millions worldwide, yet the long-term trajectory of healthcare costs remains poorly characterized. Prior studies with limited follow-up have documented elevated but stable excess costs, leaving uncertainty about whether the economic burden attenuates or persists over time. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic health record data from 12 hospitals and 20 community health centers (January 2018 through December 2024). Adults with documented ...

BackgroundCardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. The original My Heart Counts smartphone application demonstrated the feasibility of large-scale, fully digital recruitment and trial conduct, but was limited by platform exclusivity and the need for human experts to create text-based behavioral interventions. MethodsThe next-generation My Heart Counts smartphone application is a prospective, observational cohort study with an embedded randomized crosso...

AimTo outline the opportunities and barriers when using hairdressing salons as a novel site for enhancing cardiovascular risk factor assessment and management in women. MethodsA process evaluation nested within a cluster-randomised trial, Hairdressers for Health. The trial evaluated a nudge intervention advising women [&ge;]45years attending hairdressing salons to undertake a Heart Health Check with their General Practitioner. The UK Medical Research Council process evaluation framework was ...

Smoking Cessation Efforts for Patients with Asthma and COPD IntroductionSmoking cessation can alter the natural history of both COPD and asthma by reducing the frequency and severity of exacerbations and slowing disease progression. Accordingly, the Global Initiative for Asthma and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease recommend that clinicians address smoking cessation at every visit using counseling and pharmacotherapy. MethodsThe Mount Sinai Health System includes seven...

BackgroundRecurrent sore throat affects a small minority of adults but can cause substantial morbidity. Evidence to guide tonsillectomy eligibility in adults is limited, and current criteria are extrapolated from paediatric populations. We aimed to describe the epidemiology, management, and prognosis of adult sore throat in UK primary care. MethodsUsing CPRD Aurum (2010-2020 adults with a first coded episode of sore throat or tonsillitis were identified and matched to controls. Episode frequenc...

ObjectiveTo evaluate modifiable antepartum and intrapartum factors associated with nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex (NTSV) cesarean delivery and to model risk stratified induction timing strategies that minimize cesarean risk across maternal risk profiles. Study DesignThis retrospective cohort study included all NTSV deliveries at a tertiary care center from January 2015 through August 2025 (overall cohort n=10,525; limited risk cohort n=5,663). Machine learning identified key predictors o...

ObjectivesTo determine temporal trends in the rates of preterm birth and its sub-types in Sweden and assess the contribution of known-risk factors. DesignA population-based register study. SettingSweden. Participants (Instead of patients or subjects)3,264,146 pregnancies registered in the Swedish Medical Birth Registry with information on pregnancy duration and onset of labour (1991 - 2021). Main outcome measuresThe primary outcomes were the overall, spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth ...

ObjectivesGiven the widespread use of period-tracking applications and evidence that some users rely on fertile-window predictions for pregnancy prevention, we aimed to quantify pregnancy risk arising from misclassification of biologically fertile days by period-tracking applications, and to compare this risk across calendar-based and basal body temperature (BBT)-supported period tracking and a digital contraceptive regulated as a medical device. MethodsWe conducted an observational analysis of...