Age and Sex-Based Differences in Proctological Diseases: A Cross Sectional Analysis of One Thousand and Seven Hundred and Seventy (1770) Anorectoscopy Reports

BackgroundThe epidemiological characterization of the proctological diseases and the determination of the correlations between the different age group and sex and the proctological diseases may reveal critical information on the distribution of proctological diseases and establish pilot data for age- and sex-specific determinant research, which could lead to adapt preventive and treatment strategies from the decision-makers. We aimed in this study to describe the epidemiological aspects of proctological diseases in digestive endoscopy Unit of internal medicine department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G. MethodsA cross-sectional study with retrospective data collection was conducted between January 01, 2011 to December 31, 2018 from patients who underwent the anorectoscopy in the digestive endoscopy Unit of internal medicine Department at the University Hospital Center of the Point G during the study period. ResultsGlobally, 1771 reports of anorectoscopy were considered for analysis. The male accounted for 66.2% of cases with a sex-ratio of 1.9. The mean age was 41,17 {+/-} 15,98 years and the extreme ages were 2 years and 75 years. Hemorrhoidal diseases represented 67.3% of cases followed by anitis and anal fissure with 11.7% of cases and 10.3% of cases respectively. The age group under 24 years was 2.03 times and 3.93 times significantly associated with anitis and rectal prolapse (47 cases; OR= 2.03; 95% CI= 1.42 - 2.90; p=0.000) and (8 cases; OR= 3.93; 95% CI= 1.61 - 9.57; p=0.005) respectively. Anal fistula and anal fissure occurred more frequently in age group of 25 - 44 years (36 cases; OR= 1.65; 95% CI= 1.01 - 2.71; p=0.044) and (91 cases; OR= 1.38; 95% CI= 1.02 - 1.88; p=0.038) respectively. The age group of 45 - 59 years was more significantly associated with hemorrhoidal diseases (256 cases; OR= 1.32; 95% CI= 1.02 - 1.70; p=0.032). Anorectal tumor was 1.92 times more likely to be found in of group of 60 - 79 years (23 cases; OR= 1.92; 95% CI= 1.18 - 3.13; p=0.007). Males were 1.65 times more likely than females to develop hemorrhoidal diseases (834 cases vs. 358 cases; OR= 1.65; 95% CI= 1.35 - 2.03; p=0.000). Anal fistula were 2.63 times more likely to be found in males than in females (55 cases vs. 11 cases; OR= 2.63; 95% CI= 1.36 - 5.06; p=0.002). ConclusionThis study shows that the distribution of proctological diseases remains disparate. Anitis and rectal prolapse were significantly associated with the age group under 24 years; the anal fistula and anal fissure with age group of 25 - 44 years; the hemorrhoidal diseases with age group of 45 - 59 years; and the anorectal tumor with age group 60 - 79 years. Males were more likely than females to develop hemorrhoidal diseases and anal fistula.