Osteoporosis Prevalence in Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic Syndrome: Implications for Mortality

ObjectiveThis study aims to investigate the prevalence of osteoporosis (OS) in patients with Cardiovascular Kidney Metabolic (CKM) Syndrome and its relationship with the risk of mortality in CKM patients. MethodsPatients diagnosed with CKM were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database between 2009 and 2018. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality, while the secondary endpoint was cardiovascular mortality. The relationship between OS and the prognosis of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality in CKM patients was assessed using Kaplan-Meier survival curves and multivariate Cox regression model. ResultsA total of 602 Non-CKM (stage 0) and 6129 CKM (stages 1, 2, 3, and 4) patients were included. The prevalence of OS in CKM patients at stages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 was 3.49%, 2.25%, 4.97%, 13.52%, and 8.39%, respectively. The multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that compared to the normal bone mineral density group, CKM patients in the osteopenia group had a 55% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR=1.55; 95% CI, 1.22-1.98, P = 0.001) and a 120% increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR=2.20; 95% CI, 1.39-3.46, P = 0.001); In the OS group, CKM patients exhibited a 199% increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 2.99; 95% CI, 1.86-4.82, P = 0.001) and a 2.14-fold increase in the risk of cardiovascular mortality (HR=3.14; 95% CI, 1.09-9.02, P = 0.03). ConclusionOsteopenia and OS are more prevalent in patients with CKM and are associated with an increased risk of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality.