Nutrients

BackgroundUltra-processed food (UPF) accounts for a majority of calories consumed in the United States, but the impact on human health remains unclear. ObjectiveTo identify poly-metabolite scores in blood and urine that are predictive of UPF intake. MethodsIDATA participants (n=718) with serially collected blood and urine and up to 6 24-hour dietary recalls (ASA-24s), collected over 12-months, were selected for metabolomics analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with tande...

BackgroundObesity is characterized by chronic low-grade systemic inflammation that contributes to metabolic dys-function. Diet is a modifiable factor that can help reduce this inflammation. Nuts such as almonds are rich in unsaturated fats, and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory micronutrients, which may work synergistically to attenuate obesity-related inflammation. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate whether daily almond consumption improves systemic inflammatory and immune ma...

BackgroundHigher consumption of Mediterranean diet (MED) intake has been associated with reduced risk of all-cause mortality but limited data are available examining long-term outcomes in women or the underlying molecular mechanisms of this inverse association in human populations. We aimed to investigate the association of MED intake with long-term risk of all-cause mortality in women and to better characterize the relative contribution of traditional and novel cardiometabolic factors to the ME...

BackgroundThe interaction between dietary (and supplementary) divalent ions has been a long- standing issue in human nutrition research. Developing optimal calcium and iron supplementation recommendation needs detailed knowledge of the potential trade-offs between: a) the clinical effects of concurrent intake on iron absorption and hematological indices, and b) the potentially negative effects of separated ingestion on adherence to either or both iron and calcium supplements. Human clinical stud...

IntroductionThe dietary habits of the population are undergone dramatic changes in recent years, with an increasing proportion of people adopting different variants of plant-based diets, limiting their consumption of food of animal origin. Moreover, the shift toward a plant-based diet is supported by scientific reports promoting them as a more sustainable dietary option, which is necessary to adopt on a global scale to mitigate the human influence on climate change. However, despite their growin...

The sensory properties of foods guide food choices and intake, importantly determining nutritional and health status. In communities that have inconsistent access to nutritious foods, such as food deserts, the food taste perceptions and preferences have yet to be explored. The paucity of data pertaining to food perceptions, preferences, and choices and the complex relationship of socioeconomic status (SES), race/ethnicity, and sex on cardiometabolic and cognitive health warrants further examinat...

The impact of nutrition on the metabolic profile of osteoporosis is incompletely characterized. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to detangle the association of fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes with osteoporosis prevalence. Dietary, anthropometric and blood plasma metabolite data were examined from the Boston Puerto Rican Osteoporosis Study, a cohort of 600 individuals (age 46-79yr). High FV intake was protective against osteoporosis prevalence. Associations of 525 plasma metabolit...

Background/ObjectivesNutrient interactions in multi-ingredient supplements may influence absorption and bioavailability, yet pharmacokinetic data in this context remains limited. This clinical trial assessed the post-prandial absorption kinetics of key micronutrients in AG1, a comprehensive supplement containing vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and phytonutrients. MethodsIn a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover trial 16 healthy adults (8 males and 8 females) consumed a single ...

ImportanceMajor concerns regarding vegan dieters are whether they meet protein and essential amino acids (EAA) recommendations, and how reliant they are on ultra-processed foods (UPF). ObjectivesTo investigate whether vegan dieters meet protein and EAA recommendations. As secondary objectives, to determine UPF intake and potential predictors of inadequate protein intake in this population. DesignA survey conducted between September 2021 and January 2023. SettingBrazil. ParticipantsVegan diet...

BackgroundTrans fats remain on the market in parts of the world. Emerging evidence suggests that factors beyond calorie balance may affect fat deposition and body mass index (BMI). Trans fats are prooxidant, proinflammatory, and have shown adverse metabolic effects and increased fat deposition in animals. ObjectiveTo assess the relation of dietary trans fatty acid consumption (dTFA) to BMI in humans. DesignCross-sectional analysis of baseline data from a broadly-sampling study. SettingCommuni...

Obesity and the increased postprandial glycaemic response (PPGR) are risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Few studies have explored the association of body weight with PPGRs. The study aimed to investigate the PPGR between healthy adults with normal weight and overweight/obesity to two commercially available breads (white and wholemeal) with different dietary fibre contents. In this acute randomised crossover trial, 20 healthy adults (10 normal weight, 10 overweight/obese) consumed two slices of wh...

Inadequate dietary fiber intake and excess added sugar intake are dietary factors attributed to the rise in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and associated cardiometabolic diseases. Until recently, consumers had limited options for finding similar tasting, yet highly approachable, solutions to meet intake recommendations for added sugars and dietary fiber. Modern sodas with lower sugar and supplemented with prebiotic fiber may serve as functionally beneficial alternatives to traditional sugar-sweetened...

BackgroundLean body mass (LBM) is essential for health; however, consensus regarding the effectiveness of protein interventions in increasing LBM is lacking. ObjectiveEvaluate the dose-response relationship of the effects of protein on LBM. Data SourcesPubMed and Ichushi-Web databases were searched. A manual search of the references of the literature included here and in other meta-analyses was conducted. Study SelectionRandomized controlled trials evaluating the effect of protein intake on L...

BackgroundFasting has been shown to be one of the most cost-effective methods to improve cardiometabolic health. We studied a 5-day hypocaloric ([~]600 kcal/day) and ketogenic, modified fasting program (MFP) for at-home interventions. We hypothesised that this MFP induces metabolic changes comparable to 5 days of prolonged fasting (75-250kcal/day). MethodsWe tested the MFP in a two-arm randomised controlled trial where sixty-four healthy subjects were randomised to MFP or control group. Serum b...

BackgroundFew studies have used daily data from objective applications to explore macronutrient interactions in sleep and nutrition research. ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study examined the relationships between macronutrients, dietary components, and sleep parameters, considering their interdependencies. MethodsData from 4,825 users of sleep and nutrition apps for at least 7 days were analyzed. Multivariable regression analysis investigated associations between quartiles of macronutrients (p...

BackgroundThe Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) recommends consuming >1.75g/wk of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) through triglyceride reduction, however individual responses to treatment vary. ObjectiveWe sought to determine if a DGA-conforming diet (DGAD) can increase the omega-3 index (OM3I), a diet-sensitive biomarker of omega-3 fatty acid status, into a health promoting range and reduce fasting triglycerides in 8 weeks. We further expl...

We revealed critical vulnerabilities of nutrient content claims under FDA per serving size (serving), CAC per 100 g or mL, CAC per serving, and CAC per 100 kcal and developed the proposed method to remove all vulnerabilities. We calculated the nutrient content of foods based on nutrient content claims under the proposed method. Then, we determined nutrient content claims for foods and food groups, and specified similarities between nutrient content claims in food groups. Also, we ranked foods an...

BackgroundU.S. adults exceed recommended intakes of multiple nutrients of concern ObjectiveThis study uses a recently-developed food-level classification method for identifying foods exceeding thresholds for nutrients of concern to investigate sociodemographic differences in their contribution to total energy intake among U.S. adults. DesignCross-sectional. Participants/settingParticipants 20 - 80 years of age in the 2017-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (n=7706). Main o...

BackgroundRising rates of diet-related chronic diseases and disparities in disease prevalence by sociodemographic factors highlight the need to improve the diet quality of Americans. Understanding how the Healthy Eating Index-2020 (HEI-2020) can be used as a measure of diet quality to create benchmarks for national nutrition monitoring can assist in surveillance and improve the design of nutrition programs and policies. ObjectiveTo examine the utility of the HEI-2020 to create benchmarks for na...

ScopeAntioxidants, including vitamin E (VE) and grape seed extract, as anti-aging supplementation have been widely used to improve human health. However, the role of gut microbiota in dietary antioxidant supplementation is debatable. This study aimed to assess the longitudinal impact of dietary supplementation with antioxidant compounds on body health and the gut microbiota. Methods and resultsOne hundred and twenty healthy individuals were randomly divided into a placebo group (amylodextrin) a...