Aging

MUC16 is a member of the attached mucin family that encodes cancer antigen 125 (CA-125), but the association of MUC16 status with grade and subtypes of glioma patients has not yet been established. Data for MUC16 mRNA expression in 37 different cancer types were considered, and genomic data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) from 1051 low-grade glioma (LGG) patients and 833 glioblastoma (GBM) patients were analyzed. LGG and GBM has low expression of MUC16, but it is frequently mutated in GBM. K...

Genomic features have been gradually regarded as part of the basics to the clinical diagnosis, prognosis and treatment for glioblastoma multform (GBM). However, the molecular modifications taking place during the advancement of GBM remain unclear. Therefore, recognition of potential important genes and pathways in the gastric cancer progression is important to clinical practices. In the present study, gene expression dataset (GSE116520) of GBM were selected from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO)...

High Risk Neuroblastoma (HRNB) is the second most frequent solid tumor in children. Prognosis remains poor despite multimodal therapies. Mathematical models have been developed to describe metastasis, but their prognosis value has yet to be determined and none exists in neuroblastoma. We established such a model for HRNB relying on two coefficients: (growth) and (dissemination). The model was calibrated using diagnosis values of primary tumor size, lactate dehydrogenase circulating levels (LDH...

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive and common brain cancer in adults with the lowest life expectancy. The current neuro-oncology practice has incorporated genes involved in key molecular events that drive GBM tumorigenesis as biomarkers to guide diagnosis and design treatment. This study summarizes findings describing the significant heterogeneity of GBM at the transcriptional and genomic levels, emphasizing eighteen driver genes with clinical relevance. A pattern was identified fitting t...

The cell surface receptor ROR1 is a therapeutic target of growing interest in oncology; however, its role in glioma has not been established thus far. This study analyzed associations between ROR1 mRNA expression and clinical outcomes, and histological and molecular subtypes in four independent glioma (grades II-IV) transcriptomic datasets (The Cancer Genome Atlas-GBMLGG, Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas, Repository for Molecular Brain Neoplasia, and GSE16011), encompassing a total of 2,388 cases. Th...

PurposeEmerging biomarkers from medical imaging or molecular characterization of tumor biopsies open up for combining the two and exploiting their synergy in treatment planning. We compared pretreatment classification of locally advanced cervical cancer patients by two previously validated imaging- and gene-based hypoxia biomarkers, appraised the influence of intratumor heterogeneity, and investigated the benefit of combining them in prediction of chemoradiotherapy failure. Experimental DesignH...

BackgroundGenetic aberrations and epigenetic alterations have been reported in different types of cancer. Impact of Isocitrate dehydrogenase1 (IDH1) and O6-methylguanine-DNAmethyltransferase (MGMT) in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) have been of great interest due to their implications in prediction of prognosis of several types of cancer. Authors aimed to investigate the clinical role of IDH1 mutation and MGMT methylation pattern among GBM patients versus non-neurooncological diseases (NND) patie...

PurposeTemporal muscle thickness (TMT) has been suggested as a novel biomarker that can represent sarcopenia in head and neck malignancies. This study investigated the association of TMT with clinical outcomes in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma (GBM). Materials and MethodsUsing electronic medical records, all GBM patients between 2008 and 2018 at Seoul St. Marys Hospital were reviewed. Total 177 patients met our eligibility criteria. ResultsThe thinner group who had TMT less than th...

High-grade glioma (HGG) patients have a dismal prognosis, due to a lack of effective treatments. In order to change the fate of HGG patients and decrease the current treatment-related side effects, therapy focus has shifted in the past years to immunotherapy, such as chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-based treatments. Recent developments in CAR-based therapy show promising results in adult glioma patients, and the first clinical trials for pediatric patients with HGG are in progress. However, ther...

Glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive form of brain tumor, has a median survival rate of 12-15 months. Understanding the relationship between genetics and tumor location, as well as identifying non-invasive biomarkers, is crucial for improving treatment strategies and survival outcomes in GBM. In this study, we investigated the impact of tumor location on survival outcome of GBM patients along with genetic factors that influence tumor behaviour in different brain regions. Interestingly, we fou...

BackgroundIn glioblastoma (GBM), promoter methylation of the O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) is associated with beneficial chemotherapy but has not been accurately evaluated based on radiological and pathological sections. To develop and validate an MRI and pathology image-based deep learning radiopathomics model for predicting MGMT promoter methylation in patients with GBM. MethodsA retrospective collection of pathologically confirmed isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type GBM ...

1.1Brain cancers are ones of most aggressive and difficult to treat cancers. Despite numerous studies of the cellular mechanisms of gliomas, it is difficult to stop tumor growth. A complex genetic and epigenetic nature of many gliomas and poorly known pathways of human neuron precursors maturation suggest turning to big data analysis to find new insights and directions for drug development. We developed in silico molecular models and predicted molecular switches in signaling cascades that mainta...

Low-grade gliomas (LGG) are the slowest growing type of brain cancer that often affects young adults. Of all LGG cases, older patients were associated with the poor prognosis compared to younger patients. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this association remains unclear. Here, we compared genes expression profiles between younger (age[≤]50) and older (age > 50) patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and demonstrate the age-related gene expressions. Pathway and gene set enrich...

BackgroundGlioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating brain tumor with poor prognosis, characterized by rapid growth and invasion into surrounding brain tissue. It is a hard-to-treat cancer and represents an unmet medical need. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing novel approaches to improve the outcomes of GBM patients; among these, drug repurposing. Our preclinical studies identified the antipsychotic chlorpromazine (CPZ) as an important modulator of signal transduction and...

The inherent characteristics of glioblastoma (GBM), including tumoral heterogeneity and invasive capacity, combined with the presence of the blood-brain tumor barrier (BBTB), present challenges in developing effective treatment for GBM. Especially, the margins of GBM, where GBM cells infiltrate normal brain tissue, exhibit high resistance to therapies. Despite the difficulties in controlling tumor progression from this region, the GBM margin remains a critical area to be studied. Here we report ...

Chronic inflammation is a pervasive feature of ageing and may be linked to age-related cognitive decline. However, population studies evaluating its relationship with cognitive functioning have produced heterogeneous results. A potential reason for this is the variability of inflammatory mediators which could lead to misclassifications of individuals persisting levels of inflammation. The epigenetic mechanism DNA methylation has shown utility in indexing environmental exposures and could potenti...

BackgroundDNA methylation plays a key role in mediating the anti-aging effects of glucose-lowering drugs. This study aims to systematically explore the potential anti-aging effects of target genes of FDA-approved glucose-lowering drugs and the underlying epigenetic mediators. MethodWe conducted a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study to investigate the putative causal relationships between the gene expression levels of glucose-lowering drug targets and 10 aging-related phenotypes, follo...

Gliomas are the most common primary brain cancers. In recent years, IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion have been suggested as biomarkers for the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of gliomas. However, these biomarkers are only effective for a part of glioma patients and thus more biomarkers are still emergently needed. Recently, an electrochemical communication between normal neurons and glioma cells by neuro-glioma synapse has been reported. Moreover, it was discovered that breast-to-brain meta...

BackgroundHypermethylation of 06-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase (MGMT)promoter seen in high grade gliomas (HGG) leads to the accumulation of O6-meG DNA damage which mispairs with thymine, requiring recognition by mismatch repair protein dimer MutS, whose primary component is coded by Human MutS homolog protein 2 (hMSH2). O6-meG repair necessitates the interaction/combined action of MGMT andhMSH2 to maintain genomic stability. Analysis of the correlation between MGMT methylation and hMSH2mRN...

BackgroundInfusing young mouse blood into old mice makes the old mice biologically younger. When an old mouse and a young mouse share a circulatory system, the old mouses muscle function is improved, and the production of olfactory neurons is increased. GDF11 seems to be a crucial element of the young blood in both instances. MethodsBecause of GDF11s potential neuroprotective actions, we used The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to assess the effect of GDF11 expression in malignant gliomas. We analyz...