eLife

ObjectiveTo quantify the impact and accuracy of different screening approaches for cervical cancer, including liquid based cytology (LBC), molecular testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and their combinations via parallel co-testing and sequential triage. The secondary goal was to predict the effect of differing coverage rates of HPV vaccination on the performance of screening tests and in the interpretation of their results. DesignModelling study. Main outcomes measuredDifferent ...

BackgroundPredictions of cervical cancer burden and impact of control measures are often modelled from HPV prevalence. However, predictions could be improved by data on time between prevalent HPV detection and cervical cancer occurrence. MethodsBased upon high-risk (HR) HPV prevalence and cervical cancer incidence in the same birth cohorts from 17 worldwide locations, and informed by individual-level data on age at HR HPV detection and on sexual debut, we built a mixed model to predict cervical...

In 2020, cancer screenings declined, then rebounded, resulting in a cancer screening deficit. The significance of this deficit, however, has yet to be quantified from a population health perspective. Our study addresses this evidence gap by examining how the pandemic changed the timing of American adults most recent cancer screen. We obtained population-based, cancer screening data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Mammograms, pap smears, and colonoscopies were each specified ...

BackgroundCervical cancer (CC) screening is crucial for reducing its incidence. However, encouraging participation among under-screened women remains challenging. Portugals decentralized health regions provide an ideal case study due to a significant proportion of eligible women avoiding regular screening. Globally, self-sampling has emerged as a promising solution to enhance screening attendance. This study aims to assess self-sampling acceptance among under-screened women in central Portugal, ...

OBJECTIVEDiverse measures of obesity relate to cancer risk differently. Here we assess the relationship between overall and central adiposity and cancer. METHODSWe constructed z-score weighted polygenic scores (PGS) for two obesity-related phenotypes; body mass index (BMI) and BMI adjusted waist-to-hip ratio (WHRadjBMI) and tested for their association with five cancers in the UK Biobank: overall breast (BrC), post-menopausal breast (PostBrC), prostate (PrC), colorectal (CrC) and lung (LungC) c...

BackgroundCervical cancer screening in the Netherlands consists of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing followed by cytological triage at age 30, 35, 40, 50 and 60 years. Women are also invited at age 45, 55 and 65 years if they did not test HPV-negative five years earlier (risk-based invitation). With influx of birth cohorts vaccinated against HPV, de-intensification may be needed to maintain a cost-effective program. MethodsWe used an updated and recalibrated model of type-specific HPV transmis...

BackgroundApproximately half of all patients with cancer experience unintentional weight loss called cancer cachexia (CAC), which reduces overall survival and impairs quality of life. Metabolic dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with cancer, likely due to insulin resistance. Due to its anabolic effects, insulin resistance could be implicated in the progression of CAC. However, comprehensive clinical data in human populations remain limited, and the potential association between insul...

ObjectivesCervical cancer is a preventable disease, and a properly implemented screening programme can reduce its incidence and mortality and potentially save resources. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of options for potential transformation of the nationwide screening programme in the Czech Republic, especially considering recent changes in HPV DNA testing recommendations. MethodsA microsimulation model was developed to assess the cost-effectiveness and health benefits of a...

BackgroundIn Sweden, the cervical cancer screening programme is based on primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing with either clinician-collected cervical sampling or home-based vaginal self-sampling. We assessed the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of primary HPV clinician-collected sampling and primary HPV self-collected sampling for unvaccinated cohorts of Swedish women. MethodsA model-based analysis was performed to project long-term costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs). Scre...

AIMIn Switzerland, human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has been implemented using a quadrivalent vaccine that covers HPV types 16 and 18, responsible for about 70% of cervical cancer. The average national uptake was 56% in girls by the age of 16 years in 2014-2016. A nonavalent vaccine, covering five additional oncogenic HPV types was recommended at the end of 2018. The primary aim of this study was to assess the impact and cost-effectiveness of introducing the nonavalent HPV vaccine in Switz...

Currently,the treatment of chronic periodontitis (CP) still has challenges. This study aimed to identify novel drug targets for the treatment of chronic periodontitis in the druggable genome using the Mendelian randomization (MR) method.In this study,based on the list of 4479 drug gene targets,overlapping genes were selected in blood expression Quantitative Trait Loci(eQTL), which were then subjected to Two-Sample MR(TSMR) and validated Fusion Transcriptome-Wide Association Study(TWAS) with data...

BackgroundMalaria caused by P. falciparum imposes a tremendous public health burden on people living in sub-Saharan Africa. Severe malaria is associated with high morbidity and mortality and results from complications such as cerebral malaria, severe anaemia or respiratory distress. Individuals living in malaria endemic regions often have a reduced circulating neutrophil count due to a heritable phenomenon called benign ethnic neutropenia (BEN). Neutrophils defend against bacterial infections b...

This study reveals novel microRNAs (miRNAs) implicated in congenital tooth agenesis (CTA), a common dental anomaly with a complex genetic basis. Through a multi-omics approach combining bioinformatics, whole exome sequencing, metabolite analysis, and gene expression profiling, we identified eight key miRNAs potentially involved in tooth development. Among these, four miRNAs viz. miR-218-5p, miR-15b-5p, miR-200b-3p, and let-7a-3p were validated as significant regulators in CTA, marking their firs...

BackgroundExperts have proposed an EVEN FASTER concept targeting age-groups maintaining circulation of human papillomavirus (HPV). We explored the effects of these proposals compared with cervical cancer (CC) screening-based interventions on age-standardized incidence rate (ASR) and CC elimination (<4 cases per 100,000 women) timing in Norway. MethodsWe used a model-based approach to evaluate alternative HPV vaccination and CC screening scenarios compared with a status-quo scenario reflecting ...

BACKGROUNDFibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare, disabling disease with no established treatments. Growing evidence supports inhibiting the pro-osteoclastic factor receptor activator of nuclear Kappa-B ligand (RANKL) as a potential treatment strategy. We conducted a phase 2 trial evaluating the anti-RANKL drug denosumab in adults with FD, with an emphasis on investigating post-discontinuation bone turnover rebound, and cellular mechanisms underlying anti-RANKL effects on FD osteoprogenitors. METHODS...

BackgroundThe protective effect of HPV vaccination against cervical cancer has been demonstrated in registry linkage studies. The start age of screening in those studies was lower than 25 years. We estimated the vaccine effectiveness of bivalent HPV16/18 vaccination against invasive cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3+) in the Netherlands where routine screening starts at age 30 years. MethodsWe linked the vaccination status of women born in year 1993 who were e...

Despite incredibly effective tools to prevent HPV infection and treat precancerous lesions, the scale-up of existing interventions in most low and middle-income countries has been slow, leaving a residual burden of invasive cervical cancer that will persist for decades. An HPV therapeutic vaccine may overcome some of the scalability and infrastructure challenges of traditional screening and treatment programs, though its potential public health value depends upon its characteristics, delivery st...

ObjectiveTo describe the Swedish 2020 switch to primary cervical screening using Human Papillomavirus (HPV) self-sampling at home and compare with cervical cancer incidence trends. MethodsStatistics on HPV self-sampling and cervical cancer incidence were obtained from comprehensive nationwide registries. ResultsHPV self-sampling was recommended in 2017 for non-attending women and was in 2020 recommended as a primary screening for all women aged 23-70 years of age. During 2016-2020 there were <...

ObjectiveThis study utilizes small-sample periodontitis data to exploratively investigate causal relationships between the oral microbiome and periodontitis in East Asian populations. We aimed to identify specific oral microbial taxa that may drive disease pathogenesis. Given the exploratory nature of the dataset, findings should be interpreted as hypothesis-generating. MethodsWe performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary stat...

BackgroundCervical cancer (CaCx) remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among women in sub-Saharan Africa, where only 15% of women have undergone screening. To address these substantial screening gaps, the WHO recommends human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA detection as the primary screening method. One strategy to improve screening coverage is the use of limited HPV genotype target tests which can be offered as true point-of-care (POC) tests. However, understanding the con...