The Potential of Dietary Strategies: The Impact of Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome

This study aims to explore the prevalence of Low-carbohydrate diet (LCD) among individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome and its relationship with prognosis. MethodsThe individuals diagnosed with CKM were included from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database between 2009 and 2018. Participants were divided into two groups: those on a LCD and those not on a LCD. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to assess the factors influencing the choice of LCD among CKM individuals. Kaplan-Meier survival curve analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to evaluate the association between LCD and the risk of all-cause mortality. Stratified analysis was performed to assess the consistency of results. ResultsA total of 1000 non-CKM (stage 0) individuals and 11,141 CKM individuals (stages 1, 2, 3, and 4) were included. The proportions of individuals on LCD for CKM stages 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 1.16%, 2.49%, 1.94%, 1.24%, and 1.68%, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that age, and race might influence the choice of LCD among CKM individuals. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that compared to non-LCD individuals, those on LCD had a 62% reduced risk of all-cause mortality (HR = 0.38; 95% CI, 0.15-0.92, P = 0.03). Stratified analysis showed no interaction between LCD and CKM stages (P for interaction < 0.05). ConclusionThe proportion of individuals on LCD in CKM is relatively low. Furthermore, LCD can decrease the risk of all-cause mortality among CKM individuals, regardless of CKM stage.