Ultra-small Particle Size Nanobubbles Water Drinking Exerts Antifatigue Effects in Chronic Exercise Fatigue Rats via Improving Antioxidative Activities

Chronic exercise fatigue is a prevalent issue that can lead to a decline in physical performance, metabolic dysregulation, and oxidative damage, posing significant health risks. This study aims to investigate the effects of Ultra-small Particle Size Nanobubbles Water (UsNBsW) which was Koishio technology produced water on physiological and biochemical parameters in a rat model of chronic exercise fatigue. We established a chronic fatigue model, and evaluated various physiological and biochemical indicators. Our key findings revealed that Koishio water significantly improved rats swimming performance, reduced blood lactate levels, and enhanced antioxidant capacity, as evidenced by increased hemoglobin content, decreased lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities (p<0.01). Additionally, liver glycogen levels were notably elevated (p<0.05). Futhermore, the antioxidant markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were significantly higher (p<0.01), while malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OH-dG) levels were markedly reduced (p<0.01). Our results provide new clues for the promising role of Koishio water in mitigating chronic exercise fatigue and supply a reliable reference for future research into nutritional interventions and recovery strategies in exercise physiology.