Effect Of Dietary Calcium On Incidence Of Calcium Stones And Urinary Parameters: A Systematic Review

IntroductionRenal stone is a fairly common presentation and the pain is unbearable. Some patients have tendency that stones are frequently formed and management of that s necessary as removal of stone is nt always that simple and can lead to many complications. Aims and ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of dietary calcium on the prevention of calcium stones. MethodologyPubMed, google scholar and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies. The search strategy and study selection process was conducted by following the PRISMA statement. 16 articles were identified after meeting the inclusion criteria. ResultsOur results showed that with high calcium advice, occurrence of stone formation decreases (RR=0.82, CI95=0.37-1.82, p=0.63). Comparing levels of Urinary caclium with advice of high calcium diet showed increased excretion (SMD=1.99), but decreased excretion with low calcium diet (SMD = -0.43) and Normal calcium diet (SMD = -1.35). An almost no difference can be seen in Urinary oxalate with high calcium (SMD = 0.00), low calcium (SMD = 0.02), Normal Calcium (SMD = -0.052). Results showed that Urinary Urate levels decreased with all types of diet mainly with High calcium diet (SMD = -0.33), then Low calcium diet (SMD = -0.28)and then normal calcium (SMD = -0.22). Urinary Volume was increased with all dietary advice, the most with low calcium diet(SMD = 216.37), then normal calcium diet (SMD = 206.81) and last high calcium diet (SMD = 20.00). Conclusionur study shows high calcium diet decreases the occurrence of stones compared to normal calcium and low calcium diet.