A comprehensive analysis of outcomes between COVID-19 patients with an elevated serum lipase compared to those with pancreatitis.

Background and AimsCOVID-19 patients may have asymptomatic hyperlipasemia without abdominal imaging findings or abdominal pain. In addition, primary and secondary pancreatitis have been described in COVID-19 patients. There is limited information on how the groups compare in outcomes. The aim is to compare outcomes among these groups. MethodsThis is a retrospective study from 12 hospitals within one healthcare system examining outcomes between hospitalized COVID-19 patients with a lipase <3x upper limit of normal (ULN), asymptomatic hyperlipasemia (>3x ULN), secondary pancreatitis (typical respiratory COVID-19 symptoms and found to have pancreatitis), and primary pancreatitis (presenting with pancreatitis). ResultsOf 11,883 patients admitted with COVID-19, 1,560 patients were included: 1,155 COVID-19 patients with a normal serum lipase (control group), 270 with an elevated lipase <3x ULN, 46 patients with asymptomatic hyperlipasemia with a lipase 3xULN, 57 patients with secondary pancreatitis, and 32 patients with primary pancreatitis. On adjusted multivariate analysis, the elevated lipase <3x ULN and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia groups had worse outcomes. The mortality was OR1.6 (95% CI 1.2-2.2) and 1.1 (95% CI 0.5-2.3), respectively. The need for mechanical ventilation was OR 2.8 (95% CI 1.2-2.1) and 2.8 (95% CI 1.5-5.2), respectively. Longer length of stay was OR 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0) and 3.16 (95%CI 1.5-6.5), respectively. ConclusionCOVID-19 patients with an elevated lipase< 3x ULN and asymptomatic hyperlipasemia have generally worse outcomes than those with pancreatitis. This could be attributed to extrapancreatic causes (liver failure, renal failure, enteritis, etc), which may signify a more severe course of clinical disease.