Protective Effects of Boric Acid Against LPS-Induced Inflammation and Apoptosis in a Primary Human Chondrocyte Model of Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis is characterized by inflammation, chondrocyte dysfunction, and progressive cartilage degradation. Boric acid (BA), a physiologically relevant boron compound, has shown anti-inflammatory properties, but its effects on human articular chondrocytes remain unclear. This study investigated whether BA could protect primary human chondrocytes against lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury. Cell survival, membrane damage, apoptosis, inflammatory mediator production, and expression of genes related to inflammation and extracellular matrix degradation were assessed. BA improved chondrocyte survival and reduced membrane damage and apoptosis following inflammatory stimulation. It also suppressed inflammatory and matrix-degrading gene expression, nitrite production, and the release of proinflammatory mediators. These protective effects were generally more pronounced with the higher treatment dose. Analysis of publicly available human chondrocyte RNA-sequencing datasets provided complementary support for the relevance of several investigated inflammatory and catabolic targets. Overall, these findings demonstrate that BA protects primary human chondrocytes against inflammatory and catabolic injury and support its further investigation as a potential chondroprotective approach in osteoarthritis.