GeroScience

Event-related potentials (ERPs) offer unparalleled temporal resolution in tracing distinct electrophysiological processes related to normal and pathological cognitive aging. The stability of ERPs in older individuals, who inherently show more intraindividual variability in cognitive functions, has not been established. In this test-retest reliability study, 39 older individuals (age 74.10 (5.4) years; 23 (59%) women; 15 non {beta}-amyloid elevated, 16 {beta}-amyloid elevated, 8 cognitively impai...

ObjectivesTo summarize information on anti-aging substances and nanotechnology formulations against aging and to unveil emerging anti-aging approaches like gene therapy, stem cells, monoclonal antibodies, and future trends. MethodsA systematic literature search was conducted through May 10, 2021. Eligibility criteria were articles in English relevant to the aim of this review. ResultsAnti-aging substances like coenzyme Q10, curcumin, ginsenoside Rg1, bioidentical hormones, and geroprotectants,...

Aging-related processes such as cellular senescence are believed to underlie the accumulation of diseases in time, causing (co-)morbidity, including cancer, thromboembolism and stroke. Intervening into these processes may delay, stop or reverse morbidity. To study the link between (co-)morbidity and aging, by exploring biomarkers and molecular mechanisms of disease-triggered deterioration, we will recruit 50 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, 50 patients with (thromboembolic) ischem...

BackgroundLow-dose rapamycin promotes longevity in mice, but clinical safety and longevity data effects in humans remain limited. ObjectivesEvaluate the long-term safety of intermittent low-dose rapamycin in a healthy, normative-aging human cohort. DesignThis decentralized double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial (NCT04488601, registered 2020-07-28) was performed over 48 weeks. Participants received placebo, 5mg or 10mg compounded rapamycin (equivalent to 1.43mg or 2.86mg of generi...

BackgroundFrailty is a geriatric syndrome characterized by chronic inflammation and metabolic insufficiency that creates vulnerability to poor outcomes with aging. We hypothesize that geroscience interventions, which target mechanisms of aging, could ameliorate frailty. Metabolites such as ketone bodies are candidate geroscience interventions, having pleiotropic effects on inflammo-metabolic aging mechanisms. Ketone esters (KEs) induce ketosis without dietary changes, but KEs have not been studi...

BackgroundFrailty is a common geriatric syndrome characterized by increased vulnerability to stressors, reduced physiological reserves and heightened vulnerability and. It is also associated with adverse health outcomes. Given its complex phenotypes and underlying pathophysiology, there is a pressing need for robust, multidimensional biomarkers of frailty to advance personalized care. The objective of this study was to identify serum metabolomics signatures associated with different frailty phen...

Autophagy is an essential component of proteostasis and a key pathway in aging. Identifying associations between autophagy gene expression patterns in skeletal muscle and physical performance outcomes would further our knowledge of mechanisms related with proteostasis and healthy aging. Muscle biopsies were obtained from participants in the Study of Muscle, Mobility and Aging (SOMMA). For 575 participants, RNA was sequenced and expression of 281 genes related to autophagy regulation, mitophagy a...

Research on aged individuals from developed countries show that lifestyle factors such as diet, physical activity, stress, smoking, and sleep quality impact aging. However, other relevant factors may influence aging in less-studied populations, such as Brazilian cohorts. This study aimed to analyze immunosenescence profile of individuals living in an endemic area for several infectious diseases in Brazil. We showed that these individuals exhibited accelerated epigenetic aging and increased produ...

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are circulating metabolites generated by gut microbiota. Recently, a link between age-related muscle loss and gut microbiota has been described, and SCFAs could play a mediating role in this relationship. Acetic, propionic, and butyric acid are the abundant forms and are considered to have health benefits, less is known about valeric and caproic acid. In a cross-sectional study including 155 healthy volunteers, we investigated the relationship between muscle area...

White matter hyperintensities may be one of the earliest pathological changes in aging and may potentially accelerate cognitive decline. Whether race influences WMH burden has been conflicting. The goal of this study was to examine if race differences exist in WMH burden and whether these differences are influenced by vascular factors [i.e., diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI)]. Participants from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative were included if they had a baseline MRI, d...

BackgroundFinding an early biomarker of Alzheimers disease (AD) is essential to develop and implement early treatments. Much research has focused on using hippocampal volume to measure neurodegeneration in aging and Alzheimers disease (AD). However, a new method to measure hippocampal change, known as hippocampal grading, has shown enhanced predictive power in older adults. It is unknown whether this method can capture hippocampal changes at each progressive stage of AD better than hippocampal v...

BackgroundKetone bodies are metabolites produced during fasting or on a ketogenic diet that have pleiotropic effects on the inflammatory and metabolic aging pathways underpinning frailty in in vivo models. Ketone esters (KEs) are compounds that induce hyperketonemia without dietary changes and that may impact physical and cognitive function in young adults. The functional effects of KEs have not been studied in older adults. ObjectivesOur long-term goal is to examine if KEs modulate aging biolo...

ObjectivesThis review aims to provide a comprehensive examination of biomarkers and interdisciplinary variables related to aging. MethodsThis scoping review included studies which involved adult participants, and which reported on the relationship between any biomarker or biological age with chronological age. ResultsAfter screening, 447 articles met the selection criteria. Results were categorized into 10 distinct categories through an iterative process. ConclusionsThis review contributes in...

Bis-octanoyl (R)-1,3-butanediol (BO-BD) is a novel ketone ester (KE) ingredient which increases blood beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) concentrations rapidly after ingestion. KE is hypothesized to have beneficial metabolic effects on health and performance, especially in older adults. Whilst many studies have investigated the ketogenic effect of KE in young adults, they have not been studied in an exclusively older adult population, for whom age-related differences in body composition and metabolism m...

BackgroundPrior research linking myosteatosis with cognition in older adults has been conducted in relatively homogenous populations with narrow age ranges. We evaluated if abdominal myosteatosis was associated with processing speed in a multiethnic cohort of middle aged and older adults. MethodsThe analytical sample included 1,268 adults (46-86 years old, mean 63{+/-}9 years, 53% female of 41% White, 20% Black, 14% Chinese, and 25% Hispanic), a subset from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atheroscler...

In many countries, lifespan has been increasing faster than healthspan, leading to more years spent with late-life disease and highlighting the need for reliable biomarkers to measure biological aging and to plan personalized interventions to extend healthspan. We used data from the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II, 60-80 years of age at baseline, average follow-up 7.4{+/-}1.5 years, range 3.9-10.4, n=1,083) to compare 14 biomarkers of aging recently consented by an expert panel for the use as out...

Rapamycin, also known as sirolimus, has demonstrated great potential for application in longevity medicine. However, the bioavailability of generic and compounded rapamycin at longevity doses in normative aging individuals remains unknown. We conducted a retrospective, real-world study determining the 24-hour blood rapamycin levels to establish the relative bioavailability, dose-to-blood level linearity and inter-individual heterogeneity in a normative aging cohort. Participants received either ...

Cellular senescence is a prominent accomplice of aging. The expression of gene p16ink4a has been established as a biomarker of cellular senescence in humans and animal models. However, it has not been extensively studied in clinical settings in the context of natural aging and the development of age-related diseases. Here, we report the results of a natural aging study that provided an assessment of cellular senescence and a battery of measures of clinical status, quality of life (QOL), and phys...

The year of 2023 displayed the highest average global temperatures since it has been recorded--the duration and severity of extreme heat are projected to increase. Rising global temperatures represent a major public health threat, especially to occupations exposed to hot environments, such as construction and agricultural workers, and first responders. Despite efforts of the scientific community, there is still a need to characterize the pathophysiological processes leading to heat related illne...

IntroductionThe disproportionate increase in lifespan compared to health span over the past decades results in a growing proportion of life marked by diseases, even if incidence rates are falling in some cases. However, not everyone ages at the same pace and some people remain in good health and preserve physical and cognitive function into old age. To quantify inter-individual differences in the biological aging process, numerous indicators of biological age have been developed. While these mar...