A National Survey of 205 Canadian Biomedical Research Core Facilities Reveals Structural Challenges and Opportunities for Strengthening Canada's Research Ecosystem

Background: Canadian biomedical core facilities (BCFs) provide researchers with access to advanced tools and unique technical expertise, essential for research. However, their role, sustainability, and impact remain poorly understood. We report on the evolution of model and existing state of Canadas 205 BCFs, examining challenges and benefits. Methods: Cross referencing of national databases by the Canadian Innovation Fund (CFI), and from data collected by the Canadian Network of Scientific Platforms (CNSP) allowed he identification of BCFs. Hand curation of these lists validated that cores are operational. To ensure cores not listed by CFI/CNSP were captured, research intensive institutions in Canada were independently searched to identify active cores. Results: There are currently 205 active and operational BCFs located across 9 provinces, which can be further stratified into 9 technical domains that describe the nature of services they provide. Quebec (80 cores) and Ontario (75 cores) have the highest confluence of BCFs, with Quebec having a higher ratio of cores per capita. Conclusions: While our data establishes the ubiquity of Canadian BCFs, we highlight substantial challenges including sustainability, governance, evaluation and the recognition of support for core scientists. Here, we establish a framework to address these challenges and to inform best practice, to optimize creation of impactful, accessible and functional biomedical core facilities.