N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Ameliorate Post-infarction Cardiac Dysfunction Through Modulation Of Adiponectin-Ceramide Metabolism

BackgroundIt has been shown that n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) of marine origin exert significant beneficial effects on myocardial infarction (MI); however, the underlying mechanisms remained unclear. Ceramides play a vital role in the regulation of energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and apoptosis. Through the integration of clincial studies and animal experiments, this study aimed to determine whether n-3 PUFA improved myocardial function by modulating ceramide metabolism. MethodsIn a case-control study, 100 patients with AMI and 100 healthy pariticipants were enrolled to measure serum ceramide concentrations. Meanwhile, mice were randomly allocated into 4 groups and administrated to a 3-week intervention with n-3 PUFA in triglyceride and phospholipid forms. A mouse model of MI was then established, followed by an additional 4 weeks of continuous intervention. Subsequent comprehensive assessments of cardiac function were performed in the mice. Finally, the mice were euthanized to conduct targeted ceramide lipidomic analysis and other relevant assays. ResultsThe levels of serum C16:0-, C18:0-, C20:0-, C24:1-ceramides and total ceramides in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were significantly higher compared with the healthy controls. In the murine model of myocardial infarction, pathological analysis via TTC staining demonstrated that interventions with fish oil (triglyceride form) and krill oil (phospholipid form) both significantly reduced myocardial infarct size. Concomitant echocardiographic assessment confirmed that both treatments markedly elevated left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), with the magnitude of improvement being significantly superior to that of the model control group. Concurrently, compared with the model group, the concentrations of ceramides in cardiac tissue and serum were significantly lower in the groups with fish oil and krill oil intervention. Western blot analysis further confirmed that n-3 PUFA intervention upregulated adiponectin expression, reduced ceramide accumulation in myocardial tissue, and inhibited mitochondria-mediated cardiomyocyte apoptosis, thereby improving cardiac function and prognosis following myocardial infarction. ConclusionsThis work demonstrates that n-3 PUFA exert cardioprotective effects following MI mediated by adiponectin-ceramide axis. However, there is no significant difference regarding therapeutic efficacy of n-3 PUFA in triglyceride or phospholipid forms.