Assessment of outcomes in Intensive Care Unit delivery at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Hospital, North West Ethiopia

BackgroundThe Intensive care unit (ICU) service is highly limited in sub Saharan Africa countries due to varying of quantities and qualities infrastructures. However, the burden of critical ill patient in low resource countries is higher and possibly increasing with urbanization, developing epidemics and access to hospitals service. The main objective of this study was to assess the outcomes of ICU admission and identify the areas of improvement in critical care. Methodsan institutional based retrospective cross sectional study design was conducted on eligible patients who were recorded at intensive care unit registration log book from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020. The data was entered, edited and analyzed in stata software (version14). We performed the adjusted survival analysis between ICU mortality and independent variables by using logistic regression. We also showed patients mortality in ICU by Kaplan-Meier (KM) survival analysis. ResultsFrom January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2020 data were taken from 454 cases at Tibebe Ghion Specialized Teaching Hospital ICU registered log book through prepared questionnaire. The overall ICU mortality was 31.3%. The common leading causes of admission to ICU were head injury (19.6%) followed by non-tuberculosis respiratory problems (11.89%), post abdominal surgeries (8.37%) and myocardial infarction (6.82%). In this study, 36.3% of ICU admitted patients were served by mechanical ventilation. The logistic regression analysis ICU mortality showed that patient stayed in ICU with odds ratio (OR = 1.37 [95% CI, 1.16 - 1.62]; P = 0.000),needs for mechanical ventilation(OR = 0.18 [95% CI, 0.12 - 0.28]; P = 0.000), days on mechanical ventilation (OR = 0.73 [95% CI, 0.61 - 0.87]; P = 0.001) and non-infection (OR = 0.45 [95% CI, 0.24 - 0. 69]; P = 0.000) were associated with risk of ICU mortality. ConclusionThe mortality rate of our adult ICU was 31.3% with the most common causes of admission and deaths being on head injury. The highly statistical significant predictors of ICU mortality were infection, needs for mechanical ventilation, ICU stay and days on mechanical ventilation.