Comparing the prevalence of Sarcopenia in 60 + population using different diagnostic criteria in North Indian population of India

IntroductionSarcopenia refers to an age-related loss in muscular mass, strength, and function. Given global aging trends, the load is anticipated to increase. Prevalence estimates vary due to different diagnostic criteria by different organizations. This study uses AWGS 2019 criteria to calculate sarcopenia prevalence and compares it to FNIH, EWGSOP2, and SWAG-SARCO definitions to highlight differences in case identification and analyze their consequences for clinical management. MethodologyThis cross-sectional study was carried out among older population in Doiwala and Raipur Blocks in Dehradun district, Uttarakhand, India, using a multistage sampling method. Sarcopenia was analyzed using AWGS 2019 criteria and compared to the FNIH, EWGSOP2, and SWAG-SARCO definitions. Muscle mass, strength, and physical performance were measured using bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA), handgrip strength, and gait speed tests. After ethical approval and informed consent, structured interviews were used to obtain information about socio-demography, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors. Results675 participants, with a mean age of 70.28 {+/-} 7.88 years, mostly aged 60-69 were enrolled. Females accounted for 59.9% of the participants, most likely due to Uttarakhands hill-plain migration tendencies. Hypertension (36.3%) was the most prevalent co-morbidity. Cataracts were present in 13.3% of participants, and 54% were exposed to chulha smoke, the majority of whom were females. Using AWGS 2019, 23.37% were sarcopenic, with 6.51% having severe sarcopenia. EWGSOP2 diagnosed 18.22% of cases as likely sarcopenia, while FNIH diagnosed 5.18%. SWAG SARCO 2021 identified 17.63% of participants as sarcopenic. SWAG SARCO demonstrated greater diagnostic value over FNIH in the Indian context, with sensitivity and specificity of 61.33% and 94.86%, respectively. These data support SWAG SARCO as a valid method for detecting sarcopenia in community-dwelling elderly. Key MessageSarcopenia is prevalent in Uttarakhands older population and with changing diagnostic criteria producing different results, undermines the necessity for region-specific screening techniques.