The Evolving Landscape of Obesity Research in Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Review

BackgroundObesity is becoming a serious public health problem in Bangladesh, owing to increased urbanization, economic expansion, and globalization. Sedentary lifestyles, processed diets, gender inequities, and restricted recreational options all contribute to this tendency. Obesity raises the likelihood of chronic illnesses such as diabetes while also putting pressure on healthcare services. This study investigates obesity trends, risk factors, difficulties, and management to inform effective public health policies and interventions in Bangladesh. MethodsThis study uses secondary data from the 2017-2018 BDHS to estimate obesity prevalence and investigate disparities. It examined trends from 1999 to 2014 and projected them until 2025, with an emphasis on dietary changes, inactivity, and the mental health impact of NCDs. The policy data came from the government and non-governmental organisations. Rural research deficiencies were found. ResultsObesity is increasing in Bangladesh. According to BDHS data, 32.67% of men and 45.60% of women are impacted. The urban prevalence rate is 21.7%, whereas the rural rate is 14.3%. From 1999 to 2014, urban womens obesity increased from 7.47% to 21.23%. Urban rates may reach 25% by 2025. Fast food contains 300-500 calories each meal. Since 2010, vegetable consumption has declined by 20-30%. Obesity affects both high (35%) and low-SES (15-20%) populations. NCDs afflict 40% of obese individuals, and diabetes will rise to 14% by 2025. Mental health difficulties affect 25-30% of obese women. Policies such as SSB taxes are restricted, and rural research is sparse (10-15% of studies). ConclusionObesity is increasing in Bangladesh as a result of urbanization, poor diet, and inactivity, particularly among women and urban populations. NCDs and mental health problems are significant consequences. Policies lack scope and enforcement, with rural regions being disregarded. Nationwide data, customized programs, and tougher restrictions are required, with an emphasis on the relationship between childhood obesity and NCDs. More research and legislative action can assist to control the pandemic.