Chemokine Signaling In Breast Cancer: Focus On Cc-Motif Chemokine Ligands

Based on 2020 data from GLOBOCAN, breast cancer holds the highest incidence rate in the majority of countries (159 out of 185 countries) and is the leading cause of mortality in 110 countries Chemokines are 8-10 kDa proteins activating through transmembrane G-coupled receptors (GPCRs) with 24 CC-motif type known human cytokines and 10 respective receptors. Chemokines and chemokines receptors have the potential for new breast cancer therapeutics modalities. In the complex chemokine world, not only one chemokine can bind to multiple receptors but also one receptor can be activated by several chemokine ligands. The fact that immune cells possess the potential to express multiple receptors and also secrete a diverse number of chemokines further intensifies the intricate and challenging to grasp chemokines interaction with receptors and microenvironment. In addition, the implication of chemokines in the malignant activation of tumor cells makes them indispensable contributors to the cancer microenvironment and influences the fate of tumor cells and the overall survival of the patients. Therefore, herein, we aimed in this study at attracting the researchers attention to the particular function of all known CC-motif chemokines and to-date findings, their expressional changes in normal, tumor and tumor adjacent tissues, important key effects in breast cancer and more importantly, we analyzed the breast tumor samples expression data retrieved from TCGA, Xena UCSC as well as UALCAN database regarding to showing any potential to be a general, subclass-specific or stage-specific marker as well as effects of overall survival of the patients and their correlation with literature findings. Basically, we desire this study to be a sort of reference insights for effects of human CC-motif chemokines in breast cancer or provide ready-to-use source and insights for researchers with the graphs and analyzes from different databases.