Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare students and professionals on the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare - A cross sectional study from Pakistan

The emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has emerged as a promising solution to enhance healthcare efficiency and improve patient outcomes. The objective of this study is to analyse the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of healthcare professionals in Pakistan about AI in healthcare. We conducted a cross-sectional study using a questionnaire distributed via Google Forms. This was distributed to healthcare professionals (e.g., doctors, nurses, medical students, and allied healthcare workers) working or studying in Pakistan. The questions were related to participant demographics, basic understanding of AI, AI in education and practice, AI applications in healthcare systems, AIs impact on healthcare professions and the socio-ethical consequences of the use of AI. We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) statistical software, version 26.0. Overall, 616 individuals responded to the survey while n=610 (99.0%) of respondents consented to participate. The mean age of participants was 32.2 {+/-} 12.5 years. Most of the participants (78.7%, n=480) had never received any formal sessions or training in AI during their studies/employment. A majority of participants, 70.3% (n=429), believed that AI would raise more ethical challenges in healthcare. In all, 66.4% (n=405) of participants believed that AI should be taught at the undergraduate level. The survey suggests that there is insufficient training about AI in healthcare in Pakistan despite the interest of many in this area. Future work in developing a tailored curriculum regarding AI in healthcare will help bridge the gap between the interest in use of AI and training. Author summaryIn our research article titled, "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Perceptions of Healthcare Students and Professionals on the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare," we set out to explore the scope of AI understanding within the healthcare community in Pakistan. We were particularly motivated to bridge the existing gaps in knowledge and explore the once uncharted territories of AI perception among all healthcare staff, including nurses, medical students, and allied healthcare workers. Our study is particular;y significanct as it goes beyond the traditional investigations previously conducted in Pakistan, incorporating a holistic approach to assess opinions across all healthcare roles. By doing so, we aimed to provide a complete understanding of AIs impact and potential in a developing country like Pakistan. Our findings shed light on these previously unexplored perspectives and help in contributing valuable insights for both local healthcare professionals and the broader global community. Pakistan is a region with unique challenges - this research aims to serve as a foundation for future discussions on the integration of AI in healthcare. By providing a comprehensive view of attitudes and perceptions, we aim to foster informed discussions and strategic planning for the effective utilization and adoption of AI and ultimately, enhancing healthcare systems, efficiency, and delivery.