Prioritization of The Zinc finger domain within BCL11A gene by the Amelioration capability of hemoglobinopathies using CRISPR-Cas9 technology

BCL11A/EVI9, a zinc-finger protein primarily expressed in brain and hematopoietic cells, plays a central role in lymphocyte development, gamma-globin suppression, spinal neuron development, sensory innervation, neuronal polarity, migration, and is associated with microcephaly and dysregulated brain-related genes, offering therapeutic potential for sickle cell disease. The function of the transcriptional regulator is intricately linked to its structural organization, which determines its ability to interact with specific DNA sequences and modulate gene expression. BCL11A boasts multiple domains, including six C2H2 zinc fingers, a C2HC zinc finger, a NuRD-interacting domain, an acidic domain, and a proline-rich domain. In the present study, we delve into the intricate structure and function of the zinc finger domains located in the BCL11A gene, which plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of gamma-globin gene. Specifically, three C2H2-type zinc finger domains, Znf4, Znf5, and Znf6, within BCL11A, are known to bind to DNA. Znf4 and Znf5 demonstrate a significant interaction with the TGACCA motif in the gamma-globin -115 HPFH region sequence, contributing substantially to DNA binding specificity. Although Znf3 and Znf6 also interact with DNA, their contributions are comparatively minor. Employing CRISPR-Cas9 technology, targeted genomic deletions of Znf4 exhibit high efficiency, opening doors for further research. Edited CD34+ cells successfully differentiate into erythrocytes without impairments, underscoring CRISPR-Cas9s suitability for studying gene functions in erythropoiesis. Furthermore, BCL11A knockdown via sgRNAs results in elevated gamma-globin expression, offering a promising therapeutic avenue for beta-hemoglobinopathies. HPLC analysis reveals a substantial increase in HbF levels, particularly upon Znf4 deletion, emphasizing BCL11A gene potential as a therapeutic target. These findings also highlight the connection between the function of BCL11A and its structural organization, which can be modulated, and this insight can potentially be extended to uncover its roles in various other domains.