Immune response of primary and booster immunity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination among patients with chronic liver disease: a real-world study

Aimwe examined the humoral immune response and antibody dynamics after primary and booster vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) among patients with chronic liver disease (CLD). MethodsWe enrolled patients with confirmed CLD and SARS-CoV-2 vaccination primary or booster immunity. Following primary or booster immunity, serological samples were gathered to detect novel coronavirus neutralizing antibodies (nCoV NTAb) and novel coronavirus spike receptor-binding proteins (nCoV S-RBD). ResultsThe positive rate of nCoV NTAb was 60.1% in Primary and 87.6% in Booster (P<0.001). The median level of nCoV NTAb was 11.6 AU/mL in Primary and 31.6 AU/mL in Booster (P<0.001). The positive rate of nCoV S-RBD was 70.0% in Primary and 91.2% in Booster (P<0.001). The median level of nCoV S-RBD was 21.7 AU/mL in Primary and 110.6 AU/mL in Booster (P<0.001). Compared to the antibody level of primary immunity, 21 patients in whom SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibodies were detected after both primary and booster immunizations showed an increase of 4.4 and 5.9 times in nCoV NTAb and nCoV S-RBD, respectively. ConclusionPatients with CLD show improved humoral immune response after completing primary and booster immunity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, while booster immunity further improves the positive rate and antibody level of patients with CLD.