Temporal Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Sub-type gene Switching in SARS-CoV Pathogenesis. Interpretation through in vivo Murine C57BL Models

This study examines temporal gene expression (GE) patterns in a murine model of SARS-CoV infection. We focused on a Temporal Gene Set (TGS) comprising pro-inflammatory genes (TNF, NFKB1, VEGF-A) and VEGF-B. A systematic search of the NCBI Geo database for MA15 (SARS-CoV) pulmonary studies using C57BL Wild (WT) mice and filtering according to TGS GE patterns eluded seven datasets for further analysis. Encompassing the GE profiles from these datasets alluded to a rising and falling pattern in TNF and NFKB1 GE. Also, our findings reveal a temporal decrease in VEGF-A GE coinciding with an increase in VEGF-B GE post-immunogenic stimulation. Notably, differential responses were observed with the MA15 dosage and in comparison, to other antigens (dORF6 and NSP16). Further, the human SARS-CoV-2 gene enrichment in this murine study confirms the MA15 murine models relevance for SARS research. Our study also suggests potential interactions between SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein and VEGF-related receptors, hinting at other pathophysiological mechanisms. Our results indicate severe inflammation may lead to a flattened VEGF-B GE response, influencing VEGF-Bs cell survival role. We underline the significance of considering VEGF-A/B interactions, particularly temporal differences, in manipulating angiogenic processes. Future research needs to consider temporal changes in VEGF-A and VEGF-B GE, in terms of time-associated gene-switching, in line with changing host inflammation.