Lifetime development changes in rats tracked by urinary proteome

The existing researches mainly focus on the embryonic stage and a short time after that. However, there was little research about the whole life of an individual from childhood to aging and death. For the first time, we used non-invasive urinary proteome technology to track the changes of several important development timepoints in a batch of rats, covering the 10 timepoints from childhood, adolescence, young, middle adulthood, and to old age death. As previous studies on puberty found, sexual or reproductive maturation, mature spermatozoa in seminiferous tubules(first seen), gonadal hormones, decline of estradiol(E), brain growth and central nervous system myelination, and our differential protein enrichment pathways also included reproductive system development, tube development, response to hormone, response to estradiol, brain development, neuron development. Like previous studies found in young adulthood, musculoskeletal maturity, peak bone mass, development of the immune system, and growth and physical development, and our differential protein enrichment pathway also included skeletal system development, bone regeneration, system development, immune system process, myeloid leukocyte differentiation, growth, and developmental growth. However, at all timepoints in the whole life, there were still many biological pathways of the differential urinary protein enrichment involving multiple organs, tissues, systems, etc., which had not been mentioned by existing studies. This study provided comprehensive and detailed changes in rats lifetime development through urinary proteome, supplementing the blank of development research. But also provided a new idea for monitoring the human health change condition and the possibly occurring aging diseases by using the urinary proteome. SummaryAs far as we know, this is the first time that the urinary proteome was used to track the changes of several important developmental timepoints in the lifetime of rats.