Changes of urinary proteomic before and after QIV and COVID-19 vaccination

We first collected a young peoples urine samples cohort of quadrivalent influenza vaccine. Urine protein at 24 hours after vaccination was enriched in immune-related pathways, though the specific pathways varied. Perhaps because different people may be in a previous life encountered some of the viruses in the vaccine, the second immunization was triggered. Or everyone has a different constitution, exposure to the same virus triggering different immunity. We then collected urine samples from several uninfected SARS-CoV-2 young people before and after the first, second, and third doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. We found that the differential protein compared between after the second dose (24h) and before the second dose enriched pathways were involved in regulated exocytosis and immune-related pathways, indicating not first exposure to antigen. Surprisingly, the urine differential protein-enriched pathways before and after the first dose were similar to those before and after the second dose. We assume that although the volunteers have not been infected with SARS-CoV-2, they might have been exposed to other coimmunogenic coronaviruses. 2~4h after the third vaccination, the differentially expressed protein also enriched regulated exocytosis and immune-related pathways, indicating that the body has triggered the immune response in a very short time after vaccination, and urine proteome is a good window to monitor the changes of human immune function.