Back

Exploring the Relationship Between Apathy, Dopaminergic Signal, and Head Injury in Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Malik, R.; Al-Saoud, S. A. A.; Rogers, K.; Duerden, E. G.

2026-05-18 pediatrics
10.64898/2026.05.14.26353215 medRxiv
Show abstract

Apathy is characterized by reduced motivation for goal-directed behaviour and may emerge following brain injury. Currently, little is known about apathy in children and adolescents with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) exposed to repetitive head impacts. This exploratory study investigated associations between apathy, repetitive head-banging behaviour, and substantia nigra neuromelanin-sensitive MRI (NM-MRI) signal in youth with NDDs. Forty-seven participants (14 typically developing; 33 ADHD/ASD) completed Behaviour Assessment System for Children (BASC-3) measures, from which apathy-related items were harmonized across developmental forms and subjected to principal component analysis. A one-component solution explained 47.3% of variance and was used to derive apathy scores. Although head-banging severity and NM-MRI signal were not independently associated with apathy, a significant interaction emerged, whereby greater head-banging severity strengthened the relationship between apathy and substantia nigra NM-MRI signal. These preliminary findings suggest repetitive self-injurious head impacts may influence dopaminergic systems linked to motivational dysfunction in youth with NDDs.

Matching journals

The top 2 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.

1
NeuroImage: Clinical
132 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
39.2%
2
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
43 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
12.3%
50% of probability mass above
3
Translational Psychiatry
219 papers in training set
Top 0.6%
9.1%
4
Annals of Neurology
57 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
6.3%
5
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
25 papers in training set
Top 0.1%
3.1%
6
PLOS ONE
4510 papers in training set
Top 48%
2.1%
7
European Journal of Neuroscience
168 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
2.1%
8
Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
62 papers in training set
Top 0.8%
1.8%
9
Scientific Reports
3102 papers in training set
Top 58%
1.7%
10
Psychological Medicine
74 papers in training set
Top 1%
1.5%
11
Brain and Behavior
37 papers in training set
Top 0.9%
1.2%
12
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
15 papers in training set
Top 0.3%
0.9%
13
Journal of Clinical Medicine
91 papers in training set
Top 5%
0.9%
14
Neurology
44 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.8%
15
Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience
81 papers in training set
Top 0.6%
0.7%
16
Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry
36 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.7%
17
Biological Psychiatry Global Open Science
54 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.7%
18
Biology of Sex Differences
29 papers in training set
Top 0.7%
0.7%
19
Nutrients
64 papers in training set
Top 2%
0.7%
20
SLEEP
28 papers in training set
Top 0.4%
0.7%
21
The Journal of Pediatrics
15 papers in training set
Top 0.7%
0.6%
22
Autism Research
32 papers in training set
Top 0.5%
0.6%
23
Journal of Neurotrauma
27 papers in training set
Top 0.7%
0.6%
24
Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
43 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.6%
25
npj Genomic Medicine
33 papers in training set
Top 1%
0.6%
26
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
29 papers in training set
Top 2%
0.6%