Neurology

ImportanceExecutive function impairments are highly prevalent post-stroke and are a feature of vascular dementia. Computed tomography (CT) neuroimaging is routinely acquired in clinical settings. Therefore, determining the prognostic utility of CT-derived markers for post-stroke cognitive outcomes is of key clinical and academic interest. ObjectiveTo determine whether post-stroke executive function is associated with stroke-related white matter damage and/or white matter hypoattenuations of pre...

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has affected millions of people and can result in both immediate and prolonged neurological effects, including severe complications. While numerous studies have explored the occurrence and consequences of neurological issues in COVID-19, they have often involved limited sample sizes. PurposeThis paper aims to determine the overall occurrence of neurological complications in COVID-19, examine their links with patient demographics, and assess t...

Structured abstractO_ST_ABSImportanceC_ST_ABSBrain health may facilitate resilience to detrimental consequences from neurological diseases. Infarct volume is associated with poor functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke (AIS), but potential mediating effects through stroke-related brain health loss have not been investigated. ObjectiveTo determine whether stroke-related brain health loss, quantified by change in MRI derived effective Reserve (eR), mediates the effect of acute infarct volu...

BACKGROUNDPerivascular Spaces (PVS) are a marker of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) that are visible on brain imaging. Larger PVS has been associated with poor quality of life and cognitive impairment post-stroke. However, the association between PVS and post-stroke sensorimotor outcomes has not been investigated. METHODS602 individuals with a history of stroke across 24 research cohorts from the ENIGMA Stroke Recovery Working Group were included. PVS volume fractions were obtained using a...

OBJECTIVENeurological complications can worsen outcomes in COVID-19. We defined the prevalence of a wide range of neurological conditions among patients hospitalized with COVID-19 in geographically diverse multinational populations. METHODSUsing electronic health record (EHR) data from 348 participating hospitals across 6 countries and 3 continents between January and September 2020, we performed a cross-sectional study of hospitalized adult and pediatric patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 rev...

BACKGROUNDBrain age, a proxy of overall brain health estimated from structural neuroimaging, has been associated with sensorimotor performance in chronic stroke. Similarly, post-stroke cognitive outcomes have been associated with accelerated brain aging. However, the relationships between brain age, sensorimotor, and cognitive outcomes in early subacute stroke (<3 months after onset) are less understood. METHODSIn this work, we investigated associations between stroke survivors brain-predicted ...

IntroductionTo better understand the development of post-stroke cognitive impairment,we explored the association between pre-stroke neuroimaging features and pre-stroke cognitive impairment and investigated possible gender differences. Few previous studies on this topic have been performed. MethodsIn this large prospective longitudinal multicenter brain-MRI cohort study, patients admitted to five stroke units at five different Norwegian hospitals were recruited as part of the Norwegian cognitiv...

IntroductionPathophysiological distinctions among stroke subtypes--acute ischemic stroke (AIS), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and other nontraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ONIH)--are well described, but their associations with long-term mortality, cognitive outcomes, and dementia risk remain incompletely characterized. We examined whether stroke subtypes differ in post-stroke survival, cognitive performance, dementia risk, and neuroimaging phenotypes. MethodsU...

ObjectiveTo report the clinical and laboratory characteristics, as well as treatment and clinical outcomes of patients admitted for neurological diseases with COVID-19 in a Neuro-COVID unit compared to patients without COVID-19. MethodsIn this retrospective, single centre cohort study, we included all adult inpatients with confirmed COVID-19, who had been discharged or died by April 5, 2020. Demographic, clinical, treatment, and laboratory data were extracted from medical records. Results173 p...

BackgroundPost-stroke pain (PSP) affects nearly half of stroke survivors, severely compromising quality of life. The causes of PSP remain underexplored, although there is likely a complex interplay of lesion effects, psychological factors and mobility that play a role in the development of PSP. The aim of the study was to investigate clinical characteristics associated with PSP, as well as structural and functional correlates of PSP using lesion symptom (LSM) and network mapping (LNM). MethodsW...

BackgroundInfection and inflammation are risk factors for dementia in population-based cohorts, however studies in stroke are scarce. We determined the prevalence of stroke-associated infection and routinely measured inflammatory biomarkers during hospitalization for stroke, and their associations with global and domain-specific cognition acutely and at 6-months. MethodsA prospective stroke cohort completed the Oxford Cognitive Screen [&le;]2 weeks and at 6 months. Global post-stroke cognitive ...

Structured AbstractO_ST_ABSImportanceC_ST_ABSCerebral microvascular lesions are common in patients with severe COVID-19. Radiologic-pathologic correlation in one case suggests a combination of microvascular hemorrhagic and ischemic lesions that may reflect an underlying hypoxic mechanism of injury, which requires validation in larger studies. ObjectiveTo determine the incidence, distribution, and clinical and histopathologic correlates of microvascular lesions in patients with severe COVID-19. ...

BackgroundPost-stroke depression (PSD) affects up to one-third of stroke survivors, significantly impacting rehabilitation success and quality of life. However, its underlying pathophysiology remains unclear. MethodsWe analyzed two independent, prospective ischemic stroke cohorts (PROSCIS-B NCT01363856 and BAPTISe NCT01954797; total N=377) to identify brain regions and networks associated with depressive symptoms post-stroke. Lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) assessed associations between lesion loc...

ImportancePrognosticating functional independence after an acute stroke is critical for anticipatory guidance and rehabilitation planning. Here we demonstrate that poor brain health at the time of incident stroke is linked to worse functional outcomes for women compared to men. ObjectiveTo determine if brain health at time of stroke presentation has a differential effect on functional outcomes between men and women. DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study. SettingAnalysis conducted in 2025 ...

BackgroundAlthough the presence of amyloid deposits is associated with a more severe cognitive status in stroke patients at baseline, its influence on the subsequent cognitive outcome has not been extensively assessed. The primary objective of the present study of the IDEA3 cohort was to determine the influence of amyloid PET status on the 5-year cognitive outcome. MethodsThe 91 stroke patients (ischemic stroke: 89%; hemorrhagic stroke: 11%) with florbetapir PET data at baseline (positive: n=14...

BackgroundCerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a common incidental finding on cerebral MRI in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke and has been linked to increased cerebrovascular risk and cognitive decline. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of CSVD imaging biomarkers in TIA patients and evaluate their association with cognitive function over three years following the ischemic event. MethodsA cohort of 246 TIA patients from the INSPiRE-TMS (ClinicalTrials.gov...

BackgroundLittle is known regarding long-term outcomes of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. MethodsWe conducted a prospective study of 6-month outcomes of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Patients with new neurological complications during hospitalization who survived were propensity score-matched to COVID-19 survivors without neurological complications hospitalized during the same period. The primary 6-month outcome was multivariable ordinal analysis of the modified Rankin Scale(mRS) compari...

BackgroundDuring and after mild (no hospitalization) or moderate (hospitalization without ICU) SARS-CoV-2 infections, a wide range of symptoms, including neurological disorders have been reported. It is, however, unknown if these neurological symptoms are associated with brain injury and whether brain injury and related symptoms also emerge in patients suffering from Long-COVID. Neuronal biomarkers such as serum neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acidic protein can be used to elucida...

BackgroundCognitive impairment is a key clinical feature of cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), but the full range of SVD-related cognitive impairments is unclear, and little is known about how they might vary across clinical and non-clinical manifestations of SVD. MethodsIn systematic searches of OVID MEDLINE, Embase, and PsychINFO from 1st January 1985 to 6th October 2019, we identified studies reporting cognitive test results for study participants with SVD and control participants without ...

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 causes COVID-19, a predominantly respiratory disease that has been reported to be associated with numerous neurological signs, symptoms and syndromes. More than 20 published studies have used RT-PCR methods to determine viral SARS-CoV-2 genomic presence in postmortem brain tissue and the overall impression is that viral brain invasion is relatively uncommon and occurs in low copy numbers, supporting indirect mechanisms as the cause of most neurological phenomena. Hypox...