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Gut Microbiome and Risk of Dementia - a Prospective, Population-Based Study

Tynkkynen, J.; Kambur, Oleg, O.; Niiranen, T.; Lahti, L.; Ruuskanen, M. O.; McDonald, D.; Jousilahti, P.; Gazolla Volpiano, C.; Meric, G.; Inouye, M.; Liu, Y.; Khatib, L.; Patel, L.; Salomaa, V.; Knight, R.; Havulinna, A.

2026-02-22 neurology
10.64898/2026.02.15.26345196 medRxiv
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INTRODUCTIONThe pathophysiology and risk factors for Alzheimers disease (AD) and dementia are insufficiently known. We studied the connections between gut microbiome, overall dementia and AD in a prospective, population-based cohort. METHODSWe followed a population based random sample of 4,055 individuals (FINRISK 2022) for 16 years, with 330 cases of incident dementia and 280 AD cases. Gut microbiome community diversity and composition were assessed against future dementia and AD risk. Competing mortality risks were accounted for using Fine-Gray models. RESULTSCommunity diversity was not associated with dementia or AD. However, a supervised ordination with dbRDA suggested a possible compositional link between gut microbiome and dementia. One putative bacterial genus, Dorea, was associated with a decreased dementia risk. APOE {varepsilon}4 genotype associated with several taxa; of these, phylum Verrucomicrobiota and species Nocardia carnea were associated with incident dementia. DISCUSSIONThe gut-brain axis has a modest association on future dementia or AD risk. Microbial composition, rather diversities, may contribute to dementia risk.

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