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Risk-Based Stratification Approach for Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stage 2 Using a Simple Algorithm

2026-01-30 cardiovascular medicine Title + abstract only
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BackgroundCardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is staged to reflect increasing cardiometabolic risk. Substantial heterogeneity exists within stage 2, which includes individuals with metabolic risk factors or chronic kidney disease (CKD) without established cardiovascular disease and affect nearly half of US adults. This study aimed to develop and validate a sex-specific, clinically pragmatic model to subdivide CKM stage 2 into lower-risk (stage 2a) and higher-risk (stage 2b) subgroups ...

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