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Medial Arterial Calcification in a 4,500-Year-Old Egyptian King: A Deep-Time View of a Vascular Calcification Continuum

2025-12-11 cardiovascular medicine Title + abstract only
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BackgroundArterial calcification is increasingly recognized as a deep-rooted biological process, observed not only in modern patients but also in ancient human remains. While atherosclerosis has been widely studied, medial arterial calcification (MAC), a distinct entity associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes, and aging, remains largely unexplored in early populations. This gap limits our understanding of MACs historical prevalence and etiologic drivers. During a paleopathological...

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