Molecular And Genetic Characterization Of Atypical And Anaplastic Meningiomas Implications For Prognosis And Targeted Therapy

BackgroundThe most frequent primary intracranial tumor is a meningiomas; however, atypical (WHO grade II) and an plastic (WHO grade III) variants are more aggressive and have increased rates of recurrence and being lethal. The current Histopathological grading is not specific in making predictions. New molecular and genetic profiling has identified key biomarkers potentially used as prognostic refinements, or targets in the personalized medicine strategy. ObjectivesTo describe the molecular and genetic repertoire of atypical and an plastic meningiomas and evaluate their prognostic impact, to inform targeted therapy options. Study designA Retrospective Study. Place and duration of studyDepartment of Neurosurgery MMC Hospital Mardan from jan 2024 to Jan 2025 KPK PAKISTAN MethodsPatient-derived tumor samples were classified as having atypical and an plastic meningiomas and underwent whole exam sequencing, RNA sequencing, and DNA methylation profiling. Key markers (Ki-67, p53, PR) were tested by immunohistochemistry. Molecular alterations were statistically associated with clinical data, such as recurrence and survival. In the bioinformatics analysis, there was one common mutation and signaling pathways. T-tests, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and Cox regression modeling statistics were applied to determine statistical significance. ResultsFifty patients (25 atypical and 25 an plastic). Patients were diagnosed at a mean age of 58.4 years (SD +/- 11.6). The ratio between males and females was 1:1.3. There was a major disparity between the two groups in terms of overall survival (p = 0.038), and plastic meningiomas were related to a reduced survival rate. The most common mutations were NF2 (47%), deletions of CDKN2A/B (29%) and TERT promoter mutations (18%). Tumor clustering into specific subgroups based on methylation profiling was found to correlate with prognosis. ConclusionAtypical and an plastic meningiomas differ, with molecular and genetic profiles indicating various changes linked to prognosis. The application of these findings into clinical care can positively affect the risk stratification and the development of targeted therapies. It is reasonable to develop this direction further and analyze the validity of these biomarkers and be able to gauge their usefulness in predicting therapeutic response and survival.