The Impact of Natural Sunlight on Quality of Life and Psychological Well-Being

Sunlight is widely assumed to enhance well-being. However, systematic reviews suggest that the evidence is less extensive and partly inconsistent than commonly assumed. In this study, n = 120 predominantly young adults completed an online survey assessing quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) and well-being (FAHW). Participants additionally reported how much time they had spent outdoors and at which locations during the preceding 14 days. These self-reports were matched with local and temporal data from the German Weather Service to estimate each participants individual sunshine duration. Correlation analyses revealed significant but small associations between sunshine duration and well-being, as well as between sunshine duration and three of the four quality-of-life domains. The findings support the assumed relationship between sunshine duration, quality of life, and well-being, while also demonstrating a novel approach to determine individual sunshine duration. Future studies should validate this method with larger and more diverse samples. Although increased sun exposure is associated with a higher risk of skin cancer, this aspect was beyond the scope of the present study. The proposed approach may also be applied to studies on artificial light exposure to control for participants natural daylight exposure (light history).