Practice effects persist over two decades of cognitive testing: Implications for longitudinal research
Elman, J. A.; Buchholz, E.; Chen, R.; Sanderson-Cimino, M.; Bell, T. R.; Whitsel, N.; Bangen, K. J.; Cronin-Golomb, A.; Dale, A. M.; Eyler, L. T.; Fennema-Notestine, C.; Gillespie, N. A.; Granholm, E. L.; Gustavson, D. E.; Hagler, D. J.; Hauger, R. L.; Jacobs, D. M.; Jak, A. J.; Logue, M. W.; Lyons, M. J.; McKenzie, R. E.; Neale, M. C.; Rissman, R. E.; Reynolds, C. A.; Toomey, R.; Wingfield, A.; Xian, H.; Tu, X. M.; Franz, C. E.; Kremen, W. S.; Panizzon, M. S.
Show abstract
INTRODUCTIONRepeated cognitive testing can boost scores due to practice effects (PEs). It remains unclear whether PEs persist across multiple follow-ups and long durations. We examined PEs across multiple assessments from midlife to old age in a nonclinical sample. METHODMen (N=1,608) in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA) underwent neuropsychological assessment across 4 waves from mean age 56 to 74. We leveraged age-matched attrition-replacement (AR) participants to estimate PEs at each wave. We compared cognitive trajectories and prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using unadjusted versus PE-adjusted scores. RESULTSAcross follow-ups, a range of 7-12 out of 30 measures demonstrated significant PEs, especially in episodic memory and visuospatial domains. Adjusting for PEs resulted in steeper cognitive decline with up to 29% higher MCI prevalence. DISCUSSIONPEs persist across multiple assessments and decades. The AR-participant method provides accurate sample-specific PE estimates that enable significantly earlier detection of MCI.
Matching journals
The top 4 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.
Similar papers in this journal
- Extensive memory testing improves prediction of progression to MCI in late middle age 95%
- Delayed primacy recall performance predicts post mortem Alzheimers disease pathology from unimpaired ante mortem cognitive baseline 94%
- Clinical Validation and Machine Learning Optimization of MyCog: A Self-Administered Cognitive Screener for Primary Care Settings 94%
Similar papers in this journal
- The Healthy Brain 9 (HB9): A New Instrument to Characterize Subjective Cognitive Decline, and Detect Anosognosia in Mild Cognitive Impairment 94%
- The Healthy Brain Initiative (HBI): A prospective cohort study protocol 93%
- Prevalence of DSM-5 mild and major neurocognitive disorder in India: Results from the LASI-DAD 93%
Similar papers in this journal
- The Longitudinal Assessment of Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s disease and their Association with White Matter Hyperintensities in the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center’s Uniform Data Set 90%
- Qualitatively different delay-dependent working memory distortions in people with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects 90%
- Effects of APOE e4 and Neuropathological Diagnoses on Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: Mediation Analyses and Likely Causation in an Integrated NACC Database 90%
Similar papers in this journal
- DNA methylation age acceleration is associated with incident cognitive impairment in the Health and Retirement Study 94%
- Association between motor task acquisition and hippocampal atrophy across cognitively unimpaired, amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease individuals 94%
- Race/Ethnic Disparities in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: The Northern Manhattan Study 92%
"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.