Draft Genome Analysis of Streptomyces sp. IICT-RSP475: Unveiling Novel Biosynthetic Potential

Streptomyces species are ubiquitous bacteria renowned for their prolific production of pharmaceuticals and therapeutic agents. In this study, we explored the draft genome of a novel Streptomyces species, Streptomyces sp. IICT-RSP475, isolated from Talakona, Tirupati, using next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics tools. The draft genome of Streptomyces sp. IICT-RSP475 consists of 4,550,481 base pairs (bp) with a high GC content of >70%. Genome analysis identified 18 biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) responsible for the production of ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptides (RiPPs), polyketide synthases (PKS), non-ribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS), and other secondary metabolites, including hydrogen cyanide, terpenes, and N1-siderophores. Notably, genome mining using the antiSMASH tool uncovered two novel BGCs classified as RiPP-like clusters. These clusters exhibited unique genetic architectures with previously uncharacterized biosynthetic genes, suggesting the presence of novel bioactive metabolites. Ribotyping analysis, further supported by TYGS (Type Strain Genome Server) and ribosomal MLST (Multilocus Sequence Typing), confirmed the classification of this strain as a novel Streptomyces species. These findings highlight the genomic potential of Streptomyces sp. IICT-RSP475 and warrant further investigation into the expression, structural elucidation, and functional characterization of its novel therapeutic metabolites.