Noncommunicable diseases associated with hemorrhagic disorders, hospitalization and mortality in patients with dengue in Mexico: a national analysis of confirmed cases in 2024

BackgroundIn Mexico, some of the most prevalent non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adults are diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease (CKD). Mexico could be going through a syndemic of dengue and NCDs. This study aims to describe and analyze the association between the prevalence of NCDs and hospitalization, the presence of hemorrhagic disorders, and death in all officially confirmed cases of dengue in Mexico during 2024. Methodology/Principal FindingsThis cross-sectional study is carried out through a secondary analysis of the confirmed cases of dengue reported in 2024. The likelihood of hospitalization, hemorrhagic disorders, and death were assessed according to NCDs, estimating odds ratios (ORs). A multivariate logistic regression model was used, adjusting by age, sex, and for each of the NCDs (diabetes, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, immunosuppression, cirrhosis, and peptic ulcer disease). The most co-prevalent non-communicable diseases were diabetes, hypertension, CKD, and immunosuppression. For hospitalization, CKD has the highest risk of hospitalization (OR 5.73), followed by immunosuppression (OR 2.84), peptic ulcer disease (OR 2.35), and diabetes (OR 2.09). We found higher probabilities for having bleeding disorders in people with diabetes (OR 19.51), peptic ulcer disease (OR 7.85), immunosuppression (OR 4.75), cirrhosis (OR 3.37), and hypertension (OR 2.99) compared to people who did not have these diseases. The highest risk for death was observed in the cases with CKD (OR 6.54), followed by peptic ulcer disease (OR 3.09) and diabetes (OR 2.87). Conclusions/SignificancePatients with dengue and some comorbidities were more likely to have worse clinical outcomes, such as being hospitalized, having bleeding disorders, or dying. The syndemic of NCDs and dengue in Mexico has been rapidly increasing, and this problem needs to be addressed. This work demonstrates that patients with these comorbidities have worse clinical outcomes.