Association Between Abnormal Sleep and Mortality Risk: A Nationwide Prospective Cohort Study of All-Cause and Cardiovascular disease Mortality

BackgroundThe American Heart Associations Lifes Essential 8 construct of ideal cardiovascular health now includes sleep duration, emphasizing the need to understand the implications of suboptimal sleep patterns. Recent studies have demonstrated that Lifes Essential 8 is correlated with the risk of all-cause mortality and CVD-specific mortality. However, although sleep duration being one of the components of Lifes Essential 8, the relationship between an individuals sleep patterns and the risk of all-cause and CVD- specific mortality remains unclear. MethodsThe 2005-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) included 38,006 adults aged [&ge;]20 years. The definitions of normal sleep duration (7-8 hours per night), short sleep duration (< 7 hours), and long sleep duration (> 8 hours) were based on the current literature. To evaluate the association between abnormal sleep patterns and both all-cause mortality and CVD mortality, a multinomial Cox regression analysis was conducted, adjusting for demographic and clinical factors. ResultsThe study utilized three models (Model I-III), first unadjusted and then adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and chronic disease factors. In the fully adjusted model, both short sleep (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.12-1.39, P<0.001) and long sleep (OR=1.30, 95% CI: 1.18-1.44, P<0.001) were found to be associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Regarding CVD mortality, after full adjustment (Model III), only long sleep remained statistically significant (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52, P=0.006), while the association for short sleep was no longer significant (OR=1.16, 95% CI: 0.94-1.43, P=0.176). ConclusionsAbnormal sleep duration (both short and long) was independently associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Long sleep duration was associated with an increased risk of CVD mortality.