HIV, HPV, and Oral Health in Tanzania: A scoping review

BackgroundThere is an increased risk of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated infections and malignancies among people living with HIV (PLHIV). However, there is limited literature exploring the intersection of HPV, HIV, and oral health in Tanzania and across sub-Saharan Africa. We reviewed the existing literature on the intersection of HIV, HPV, and oral health in Tanzania. MethodsThis was a scoping review with the search of key words representing HIV, HPV, oral health, and Tanzania. Since there were no studies that explored the intersection of HIV, HPV, and oral health in Tanzania, the search extended to include studies with the intersection between oral health and either HIV or HPV in Tanzania. Findings44 studies were eligible for analysis. Only one of them explored the relationship between HPV and oral health, where 4 (6%) of adolescent schoolgirls were detected with HPV-DNA and the paper hinted at the possibility of HPV autoinoculation. There were no articles linking HPV vaccination and oral health. The remaining 43 (98%) studies explored the relationship between HIV and oral health. There has been an increase in oral manifestations in PLHIV in the last two decades, and highly active antiretroviral therapy has been protective against oropharyngeal candidiasis but had no significance on head and neck cancer. Single-dose fluconazole and 35% herbal antifungals were identified to be effective in treating oral candidiasis. No recent studies explored the different facets of dental care among PLHIV. InterpretationThere are no studies exploring the intersection of HIV, HPV, and oral health in Tanzania. Future studies are needed to determine the burden and barriers of HPV-associated oral manifestations among PLHIV in Tanzania and across Sub-Saharan Africa.