Body Roundness Index Z-Scores and Hypertension

IntroductionHypertension is a global health concern and a leading risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Central obesity, marked by abdominal fat, is more strongly linked to hypertension than general obesity. Traditional metrics like Body Mass Index (BMI) overlook fat distribution. This study examines the association between the Body Roundness Index (BRI) Z-score, a novel central obesity measure, and hypertension prevalence in Chinas middle-aged and older adults. MethodsUtilizing data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we included 16,102 participants aged 45 years and above. BRI was calculated and standardized into Z-scores, with participants categorized into three groups (Q1-Q3). Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline models were used to evaluate the relationship between BRI Z-scores and hypertension prevalence, adjusting for confounders. ResultsHigher BRI Z-score were significantly associated with increased hypertension prevalence (OR per unit increase: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.32-1.47, p < 0.0001). Subgroup analysis revealed that individuals in the highest BRI Z-score group (Q3) had a substantially elevated hypertension risk (OR: 2.33; 95% CI: 2.07-2.64). Additionally, BRI Z-score effectively identified early blood pressure abnormalities within the pre-hypertensive range (SBP 130-140 mmHg or DBP 80-90 mmHg). ConclusionThe BRI Z-score outperforms BMI in assessing hypertension risk by better capturing central obesity. Integrating it into clinical and public health strategies enables early screening and personalized interventions, especially in high-risk populations. These findings emphasize the need for novel obesity metrics to tackle the growing hypertension burden globally.