Integrating patient experiences of healthcare: a critical realist thematic analysis of peri-operative experiences

BackgroundThe perioperative experience is central to how patients perceive and navigate their care. While existing research has explored broad themes, the nuanced interplay of emotional, psychological, and clinical dimensions remains underexamined. Building on a recent scoping review, this qualitative study sought to explore perioperative patient experiences in greater depth, investigating both pre-established themes and emergent insights. MethodsPatients were invited to share their perioperative journeys through semi-structured interviews, offering detailed accounts of their lived experiences. Using a Critical Realist approach, the study examined both observable factors and underlying mechanisms shaping these experiences. By integrating pre-established themes with participants narratives, the study constructed a comprehensive framework reflecting the complexity of patient-reported experiences. AnalysisFour central themes were identified: (1) psychological resilience as a central pillar for patient experience, (2) empowerment and information flow as drivers of patient experience, (3) personalised care as the foundation for patient-centred experience, and (4) integrated care and pain management as central to patient experience. Additionally, social influences and financial barriers emerged as factors shaping the broader context of these experiences, though they were less interconnected with the core themes. DiscussionThis study underscores the multifaceted nature of perioperative patient experiences, where emotional resilience, empowerment, and personalised care are deeply intertwined. These findings highlight the need for health systems and healthcare professionals to address emotional and contextual factors alongside clinical dimensions to improve the overall patient experience. ConclusionBy prioritising the exploration of patient-reported perioperative experiences, this study provides critical insights into the emotional, psychological, and clinical elements that shape care. The integration of these dimensions offers practical guidance for developing patient-centred approaches that align with individuals needs and expectations.