Analyzing Differences in Processing Nouns and Verbs in the Human Brain using Combined EEG and MEG Measurements

Language and consequently the ability to transmit and spread complex information is unique to the human species. The disruptive event of the introduction of large language models has shown that the ability to process language alone leads to incredible abilities and, to some extent, to intelligence. However, how language is processed in the human brain remains elusive. Many insights originate from fMRI studies, as the high spatial resolution of fMRI devices provides valid information about where things happen. Nevertheless, the limited temporal resolution prevents us from gaining a deep understanding on the underlying mechanisms. In this study, we performed combined EEG and MEG measurements in 29 healthy right-handed human subjects during the presentation of continuous speech. We compared the evoked potentials (ERPs and ERFs) for different word types in source space and sensor space across the whole brain. We found characteristic spatio-temporal patterns for different word types (nouns, verbs) especially at latencies of 300ms to 1 s. This is further emphasized by the fact that we observe these effects in two pre-defined sub-samples of the data set (exploration and validation sample). We expect this study to be the starting point for further evaluations of semantic and syntactic processing in the brain.