Efficacy and Safety of a novel virulent phage against acute pulmonary infection of Acinetobacter baumanniii in mice

Acinetobacter baumannii (A.baumannii) is a notable opportunistic pathogen responsible for severe hospital-acquired infections, with multidrug-resistant strains posing significant treatment challenges. Phage therapy, which employs bacteriophages as natural bacterial antagonists, has gained renewed attention as a promising solution to combat antibiotic-resistant infections. In this study, we isolated and characterized a novel virulent phage, vB_AbaS_qsb1, which specifically lyses A.baumannii. Phylogenetic and genomic analyses indicate that vB_AbaS_qsb1 is the founding member of a previously unreported genus, which we have named as Acinibactriovirus, with Acinibactriovirus lysinus as the type species. vB_AbaS_qsb1 demonstrated robust stability across diverse temperature and pH ranges, a short latent period, and no known virulence or antibiotic resistance genes within its 54,713 bp dsDNA genome. Safety assessments showed that high-dose vB_AbaS_qsb1 induced no adverse effects in mice, with histopathology confirming its safety profile. Therapeutic experiments further indicated that vB_AbaS_qsb1 provided at least 50% protection against A.baumannii-induced pneumonia, significantly reducing bacterial loads and inflammation markers, while maintaining high phage titers in lung tissue.This study introduces vB_AbaS_qsb1 as a promising candidate for phage therapy against A.baumannii, offering both innovative insights and a valuable framework for future isolation, genomic characterization, and efficacy evaluation of phages targeting antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Graphical abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=139 SRC="FIGDIR/small/617119v3_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (49K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@17bf4cdorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@104c49eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@89e1dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1c4b018_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG