Identification of Staphylococcus aureus and prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to mithicillin and other patterns of resistance to antibiotics in clinical isolates of diabetic foot

ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in diabetic foot wounds and analyze antibiotic resistance patterns. IntroductionThe global incidence of diabetes mellitus, particularly type II, has significantly increased, leading to complications such as diabetic foot ulcers. These ulcers often become infected, with MRSA being a common and challenging pathogen. Understanding the prevalence and resistance patterns of MRSA in diabetic foot infections is crucial for effective treatment. MethodologyDiabetic foot wound samples were collected from 65 patients in the Valley of Toluca, Mexico. Samples were cultured and analyzed using chromogenic agar, BHI, salt and mannitol, calf blood, EMB, and MacConkey agars. Strain identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing were performed using the Vytek automated system. Oxacillin and cefoxitin were used to detect methicillin resistance. Statistical analyses, including Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests, and Spearman correlation, were conducted to evaluate relationships between clinical factors and antibiotic resistance. ResultsOf the 65 samples, 56.9% were from men and 43.1% from women, with 97.1% having type II diabetes. MRSA prevalence was 63%. Resistance rates were highest for ampicillin (100%), clindamycin (89%), erythromycin (87%), and gentamicin (73%). Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between oxacillin resistance and glycemic control, erythromycin resistance (MLS resistance), hypertension, or gender. ConclusionThe high prevalence of MRSA in diabetic foot wounds underscores the need for targeted infection control and appropriate antibiotic therapy. The lack of correlation between resistance and clinical factors suggests a multifactorial nature of antibiotic resistance, necessitating broader clinical and microbiological considerations for future studies.