Biological activities and metabolic profile of endophytic Bacillus haynesii from Momordica charantia

Endophytes share a complex intimate relationship due to which they are capable of synthesizing metabolites that are either similar or derivative of host bioactive compounds. Such endophytes especially from medicinal plants can be prospected for commercial-scale production of the therapeutic compound. Thus, the study evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of Momordica charantia fruit endophyte Bacillus haynesii R2MCFF61, and determines its metabolite profile through LC-Q-TOF-MS for the bioactive compounds produced. B. haynesii R2MCFF61 showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential with increased DPPH scavenging activity in the standard compound and inhibition of protein denaturation respectively. The metabolic profile of this endophyte showed 23 compounds, mostly consisting of metabolites from lipid, phenylpropanoid and triterpenoid pathways. B. haynesii R2MCFF61 showed production of cucurbitane-triterpenoids namely Momordicoside K, 19-dimethoxycucurbita-5(10),6,22(E),24-tetraen-3{beta}-ol and 23(E)-7{beta}-methoxycucurbita-5,23,25-trien-3{beta}-ol. These compounds are mainly produced by M. charantia fruit and their production by its endophyte is reported for the first time. Thus, these results indicate the promising therapeutic potential of B. haynesii R2MCFF61 which can be utilized as a low-cost sustainable source of these bioactive compounds.