Retrospective Analysis of Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia at Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia: Prevalence, Associated Factors, and Treatment Outcomes

BackgroundNeonatal hyperbilirubinemia, also known as neonatal jaundice, is a condition characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin and eyes caused by bilirubin buildup in the body. Understanding its prevalence, associated factors, and outcomes is crucial for effective management. ObjectivesThis study aimed to assess the prevalence, associated factors, and treatment outcomes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia at Hiwot Fana Specialized Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. MethodologyA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from December 1, 2020, to December 30, 2020, involving 328 neonates admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit. Data were collected using a checklist and analyzed using SPSS version 22. ResultNeonatal hyperbilirubinemia prevalence was 44.2%, with 1.4% progressing to bilirubin encephalopathy. Sepsis (44.8%) and prematurity (22%) were major contributing factors. Most neonates were treated with phototherapy alone (82.3%), and 93.8% showed improvement. ConclusionThe study underscores the importance of early detection and management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia to prevent adverse outcomes. Recommendations include integrating jaundice prevention into antenatal care and ensuring timely bilirubin level checks in neonates.