Unraveling the indirect effects of interventions against malaria endemicity: A systematic scoping review
Ko, Y. K.; Kagaya, W.; Chan, C. W.; Kanamori, M.; Mbugua, S.; Rotich, A.; Kanoi, B.; Ngara, M.; Gitaka, J.; Kaneko, A.
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There is an urgent need to maximize the effectiveness of existing malaria interventions and optimize the deployment of novel countermeasures. When assessing the effects of interventions against malaria, it is imperative to consider the interdependence of people and the resulting indirect effects, without which the impact on health outcomes and their cost-effectiveness may be miscalculated. Here, we conducted a scoping review of existing literature on the indirect effects of malaria interventions. We observed a recent increase in both the number of reports and the variety of terms used to denote indirect effects. We further classified eight categories of comparative analysis to identify the indirect effects, proposed common terms for the indirect effects, and highlighted the potential benefits of mathematical models in estimating indirect effects. Improving the study design and reporting the indirect effects of malaria interventions will lead to better informed decisions by policymakers.
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