Evaluating the effectiveness of the HPV vaccination programme in England, using regression discontinuity design
Ward, I. L.; Bermingham, C.; Soldan, K.; Nafilyan, V.
Show abstract
In England, the National human papillomavirus (HPV) immunisation programme was introduced in 2008 to prevent cervical cancer. Girls aged 12 to 13 were offered routine vaccination, and those aged 14 to 18 years in 2008 were offered catch-up vaccination. Using Census 2011, Hospital Episode Statistics and mortality data for the population of England, we exploit the cut-off in eligibility and apply a regression discontinuity design (RDD) to assess the impact of HPV vaccination on cervical disease. Vaccination reduced the incidence of cervical dysplasia and cancer diagnoses by 31% and 75% respectively at ages 23 to 30 years in girls offered catch-up vaccination at ages 17 to 18 years compared to those who were just above the eligibility age for the catch-up vaccination, with a clear discontinuity. Reductions continued amongst girls offered routine vaccination. These estimates obtained with a quasi-experimental approach are similar to vaccine effectiveness estimates based on more traditional approaches. This novel approach provides further evidence of the HPV vaccination programme reducing adverse cervical outcomes in young women and could be used for future studies to evaluate major changes in HPV vaccination policy and for studies of longer-term outcomes including other cancers and deaths.
Matching journals
The top 7 journals account for 50% of the predicted probability mass.
Similar papers in this journal
- Projected health and economic effects of nonavalent versus bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination in preadolescence in the Netherlands 97%
- The indirect effect of the bivalent human papillomavirus vaccination program: an observational cohort study 96%
- Global impact and cost-effectiveness of one-dose versus two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination schedules: a comparative modelling analysis 94%
Similar papers in this journal
- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine coverage and indirect protection against invasive pneumococcal disease and pneumonia hospitalisations in Australia: a retrospective record linkage cohort study 92%
- Safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 mRNA vaccination and risk factors for hospitalisation caused by the omicron variant in 0.8 million adolescents: A nationwide cohort study in Sweden 92%
- Information nudges for influenza vaccination: Evidence from a large-scale cluster-randomized controlled trial 92%
Similar papers in this journal
- Durability of mRNA-1273 against COVID-19 in the time of Delta: Interim results from an observational cohort study 92%
- Real-life protection provided by vaccination, booster doses and previous infection against covid-19 infection, hospitalisation or death over time in the Czech Republic: a whole country retrospective view 91%
- Effectiveness of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 infection and Covid-19 hospitalization among Finnish elderly and chronically ill – An interim analysis of a nationwide cohort study 91%
Similar papers in this journal
- Comparative effectiveness of different primary vaccination courses on mRNA based booster vaccines against SARs-COV-2 infections: A time-varying cohort analysis using trial emulation in the Virus Watch community cohort 94%
- Cohort profile: Virus Watch: Understanding community incidence, symptom profiles, and transmission of COVID-19 in relation to population movement and behaviour 91%
- The effect of SARS-CoV-2 testing on healthcare seeking behaviour at primary care level: implications for COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness estimates in test-negative design studies. 90%
Similar papers in this journal
- The indirect effect of mRNA-based Covid-19 vaccination on unvaccinated household members 93%
- Protection of COVID-19 vaccination and previous infection against Omicron BA.1 and Delta SARS-CoV-2 infections, the Netherlands, 22 November 2021- 19 January 2022 93%
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against Omicron and Delta hospitalisation: test negative case-control study 92%
"Similar papers" are the closest papers from that journal in the model's embedding space. They show what the match is built on, but the ranking comes mostly from a classifier over the whole training set, not from these examples alone.