Monitoring Of Respiratory Virus Coinfection In Southern Brazil During COVID-19 Pandemic

Since December 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has reached approximately 769 million people, leading to more than 7 million deaths worldwide. Faced with the possible presence of other respiratory pathogens that could co-infect and modify the clinical response of patients detected for SARS-CoV-2, some researchers have explored this line of investigation. The relationship between these co-infections remains unclear, leading to a need to deepen our knowledge about interactions among pathogens, and between pathogens and the host. Thus, the present study employed RT-qPCR to assess the presence of Human Adenovirus (HAdV), Influenza A (Flu A), Influenza B (Flu B), Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV), Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), Human Rhinovirus (HRV), and Parainfluenza Virus (PIV). A total of 187 nasopharyngeal samples from adult patients exhibiting respiratory symptoms were collected between February 2021 and November 2022 at the University Hospital Polydoro Ernani de Sao Thiago in Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. Our findings revealed that 25.16% of samples tested positive for non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory viruses (29.8% - HRV, 5.3% - PIV, 4.3%-RSV, and 1.1% - HMPV). From the 74.84% of SARS-CoV-2 positive patients, the presence of co-infection was observed in 9,7% of patients, with 7.5% being HRV, 1.1% HAdV and 1.1% Flu A. Since co-infections can potentially alter patient prognoses and impact local epidemiological dynamics, this study highlights the significance of ongoing monitoring and epidemiological assessment through genomic surveillance of other clinically relevant respiratory pathogens.