Temporal Trends in Lifestyle Modification of Patients with Hypertension in Korea, 1998-2021

BackgroundLifestyle modification is crucial in managing hypertension, independent of medical treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the implementation of lifestyle modifications and analyze the trends in lifestyle modification among patients with hypertension in Korea over the past two decades. MethodsWe analyzed data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 1998 and 2021. The study included adults aged [≥] 20 years. Factors such as regular physical activity, smoking and alcohol abstinence, weight and stress management, and adherence to a healthy diet were analyzed. ResultsA significant threefold increase was observed in the proportion of patients with hypertension who adhered to sodium restriction compared with 20 years ago. However, 70% of patients with hypertension consume more sodium than recommended. Moreover, potassium intake has steadily decreased since 2014, with only 23.8% of patients with hypertension meeting the recommended intake. The body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference of patients with hypertension have gradually increased, with fewer patients maintaining an appropriate weight. The neglect of diet and weight control among young patients with hypertension who experience high stress levels poses challenges in modifying their lifestyles. ConclusionsPatients with hypertension in Korea still consume high amounts of sodium, whereas potassium intake is gradually decreasing. Additionally, obesity rates have been increasing, especially among young patients with hypertension. Considering the increasing number of young patients with hypertension and the low control rate, the importance of lifestyle modifications should be further emphasized.