Imposter Phenomenon in licensed physical therapists: prevalence, predictors, and impact

ObjectiveDetermine the prevalence and predictors of Imposter Phenomenon (IP) among licensed physical therapists (PTs) in the United States. MethodsThis cross-sectional observational study utilized an online survey to assess the levels of IP, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction among licensed PTs in the United States and collect their professional and demographic information. Participants were recruited from various physical therapy specialty groups representing a range of professional memberships and certifications. A multivariable logistic regression model examined factors associated with IP presence. ResultsThe study sample consisted of 514 PTs [women (66.1%), [≤] 40 years of age (73.2%), White (77.0%)]. The mean IP score was 60.3 (SD: 15.1, range: 19 to 95). 55 respondents (10.7%) had low IP, 196 (38.1%) moderate IP, 215 (41.8%) frequent IP, and 48 (9.3%) intense IP. The prevalence of IP, defined as frequent or intense IP, was 51.2% in our study sample. Having Manager/supervisor experience (OR=0.55, 95% CI=0.34-0.90) was associated with a reduced odds of IP presence. Holding a bachelors or masters degree (vs. Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) degree; OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.07-5.00), a history of or current mental health diagnosis (OR=2.77, 95% CI=1.69-4.54), and emotional exhaustion (moderate vs. low: OR=5.37, 95% CI=2.11-13.69; high vs. low: OR=14.13, 95%CI=5.56-35.89) were each associated with an increased odds of IP presence. ConclusionsIP is highly prevalent among licensed PTs, with more than half reporting frequent or intense IP. Seasoned clinicians with managerial roles seemed to be less susceptible to IP, whereas those with mental health diagnoses, emotional exhaustion, and those without a DPT degree may be more likely to experience IP. Impact StatementGiven the high prevalence of IP and its potential negative impact on burnout and career advancement, it is crucial to increase IP awareness and provide education on strategies and resources to manage it for licensed PTs.