Synergistic effects of dietary taurine and carbohydrates supplementation on skeleton muscle of juvenile turbot Scophthalmus maximus

The present study aims to investigate the effects of dietary taurine and carbohydrate levels on the skeleton muscle growth of turbot. Muscle samples of turbot were collected after 70 days of feeding trial by treatment groups of 0% (C), 0.4% (L1), 1.2% (L2) taurine with 15% dietary carbohydrate level, and 0.4% (H1), 1.2% (H2) taurine with 21% dietary carbohydrate level. Results showed that L2 and H2 treatment has given significantly higher hyperplasia with significantly high muscle fiber frequencies and muscle fiber density than that in the other groups. Hyperplastic muscle fiber generation was significantly stimulated by the high carbohydrate level (21%). Muscle density was not dependent on the level of carbohydrates. Aspartate, Threonine, Serine, Glutamine, Leucine, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine, Lysine, Histidine, and Arginine were significantly high in the H1 group than that in other all groups. H2 treatment was given a significantly higher amount of total collagen content than the other groups by increasing alkaline-soluble, alkaline-insoluble hydroxyproline, and total hydroxyproline levels. Hardness has significantly increased in all the treatment groups than that in the control group. And also, muscle hardness was significantly increased by the dietary carbohydrate levels. Intestine amylase, lipase, and trypsin enzyme activities were significantly increased in all the treatment groups than that in the control. Amylase and lipase activities were significantly highest in the H2 group. Taurine 1.2% with carbohydrates 21% treatment group (H2) was given significantly higher levels of cellular level muscle growth with more collagen in the skeletal muscle of Turbot.